Shear Stress for Homann and Convergent Flows Arising in the Boundary Layer Theory with Odd Decimal Numbers of Tangential Velocity

In this paper, we discussed the effect of shear stress for Homann and Convergent flows arising in the boundary layer theory with odd decimal numbers of tangential velocity. By this study we have to discuss positive solution, Homann flow, convergent flow, shear stress, tangential velocity etc. From beginning to end of the study, we have compared of stresses of different fluid flows arising in the boundary layer theory. The resulting figure is compared with the previous figure which was obtained by many authors.


Introduction
Any real fluids moving along solid boundary will sustain a shear stress on that boundary. The no-slip condition dictates that the speed of the fluid at the boundary is zero, but at some height from the boundary the flow speed must equal that of the fluid. The region between these two points is aptly named the boundary layer. For all Newtonian fluids in laminar flow the shear stress is proportional to the strain rate in the fluid where the viscosity is the constant of proportionality. However, for non-Newtonian fluids, this is no longer the case as for these fluids the viscosity is not constant. The shear stress is imparted onto the boundary as a result of this loss of velocity. The existence of positive solution for the singular second-order nonlinear boundary value problem arising in the boundary layer theory for the strong suction is studied. Some of researchers as Schmidt [1], Soewono et al [2], Vajravelu et al [3], Schlichting H [5] etc are discussed the boundary layer theory. Singular nonlinear differential equations arising in the Homann flow are discussed by Shin [1997]. Molla and Banu [7] studied Some singular nonlinear BVPS arising in the boundary layer flow. Molla and Banu [9] shown that existence and uniqueness of positive solution of a singular nonlinear BVP. For a flat plate a singular non-linear BVP arising in the boundary layer flow studied by Molla [10]. Also a singular non-linear boundary value problem arising in a convergent channel was done by Molla [12]. The method of finding positive solution arising in the boundary layer theory by several authors; see Molla M. R. [8], Molla M. R. and M. Begum [13], M. R. Molla et al [11]. The effects of the positive solution arising in the boundary layer theory are discussed for the case of even decimal number of tangential velocity in the paper of Molla [15]. We have solved this problem by using the constructive method such as the method of upper and lower solutions with odd decimal number of tangential velocity to establish the existence of positive solution of (16). We have also tried to compare the result with the result of Molla [15] for even decimal number of tangential velocity. In this paper we have also tried to compare the shear stress of the strong suction with the shear stress of the Homann and Convergent flow. Obtained result which is almost same as obtained result by Molla [15].

Formulation of the Problem
The differential equation With the boundary conditions We now carry out a coordinate transformation from the variable x, y to the new dimensionless variables Also we have Re= )'/ where Re→Reynolds numder, )→Reference velocity, l→ Reference length,(ξ) →boundary layer.
From ( (7) becomes With boundary conditions This equation (8) is known as Falkner-Skan boundary layer equation.
For ⍺=0 and H =1, the equation (8) takes the following form With boundary conditions (9). This equation represents flow in a convergent channel.
Shin [4] discussed the differential equation (10) with boundary conditions (9) by using the method of upper and lower solutions. Later Molla [15] used this method for the differential equation With boundary conditions which arises in the boundary layer theory for strong suction. Now we want to discuss the constructive method such as, the method of upper and lower solutions with graphically by the help of Molla [15].
Let us take the shear stress h(x) = M NN ( ) and the tangential velocity x=M N ( ) as dependent and independent variable respectively. The quantity x and h are called Crocco variable. Now Differentiating (14) with respect to η we get Again differentiating (12) we get (14)] Therefore, By setting h=-NN ( ) and x=-N ( ) and its positive solution has been studied by Shin [4]. The nonlinear differential equation (8) with boundary conditions (9) has been studied by many authors for different values of ⍺ and H using different methods.
A function ⍺ 2 ∈ a / [0,1b is called a positive lower solution of (16), if ⍺ 2 >0 on (0,1) Similar definitions hold for positive upper and lower solutions of a perturbation (19) which will be given in the following section.

Establishing the Existence of Positive Solution
Consider the non-linear boundary value problem PP NN 3 #P N $ / 3 P N 0, 0<x<1 For each pd1, which may be viewed as a perturbation of (16).
We would like to prove, P i # $ 0.01 ⍺ √1 3 , i⍺ is a positive lower solution of (19). For each pd1, where ⍺=10 j and k is integer, finite but very large.
It is clear that P i # $ k 0 on (0,1), P i N (0)=0 d 1 , For, 0<x<1 and pd 1 Thus P i is a positive upper solution of (19). Therefore, P 2√1 is a positive upper solution of (16). From Schauder's Fixed Point Theorem we know that, for any pd 1, there exists a positive solution P i ∈ a / [0,1b of the problem (19) such that P i c P i c P i on 0c c 1.
Also again we have to prove P i #1 $ 3 , i is a positive solution of (19) for each pd 1.
It is clear that P i # $ k 0 on (0,1), P i N #0$ 1, P i #1$ , i and PP NN 3 #P N $ / 3 P N P i P i NN 3 #P i N $ / 3 P i N =0, for 0o o 1 and pd 1.
Thus P i is a positive solution of (19). Consequently P 1 is a positive solution of (16). For any pd 1, there exists a positive solution P ∈ a / [0,1b of the problem (16) such that P c P c P on 0 c c 1 , where P , P and P are as given above.

Figures and Tables
Now from the above discussion we have to make the tables and figures for different value of tangential velocity. With the help of figures and tables we discussed the shear stress for Homman and Convergent flow arising in the boundary layer theory.

Results and Discussions
The positive solution h s of (17) lies between the positive lower and upper solutions h sl =0.5(1-x) and h su =2√#1 $ respectively obtained by Shin [4]. The positive solution h c =√# respectively obtained by Molla [13]. The positive solution of (16) is h=1-x obtained by Molla [15]. For even decimal number of tangential velocity we get the Table 1 and both fig.  1 and fig. 2 which was done by Molla [15]. From the Table 2 and fig. 3 we see that the positive solution h of (12) lies between h l and h u for odd order decimal number of tangential velocity. Shin [4] shown that there will be exist a positive solution of (17) lies on between h sl and h su . Also from the fig.  4 it is observed that the positive solution h of (12) is less than or equal to the positive solution h c of (18) and the positive solution h s of (17) less than or equal to the positive solutions h and h c of (12) and (18) respectively for odd decimal number of tangential velocity. From Table 2 it is clear that the shear stress for the strong suction is decreasing uniformly with increasing tangential velocity. On the other hand the shear stress for the convergent flow is decreasing not uniformly with increasing tangential velocity. From Table 3 and fig. 5 for both even and odd decimal number of tangential velocity, we see that the shear stress for the strong suction is decreasing uniformly with increasing tangential velocity. Also we get the shear stress for the convergent flow is decreasing not uniformly with increasing tangential velocity. For odd and both even and odd decimal number of the tangential velocity we get the result in fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5 which is same as the result by Molla [15] in fig. 1, fig. 2.

Conclusion
We have tried to discuss the shear stress between Homann and convergent flow for odd order decimal number and both even and odd order decimal number of the tangential velocity. By this study we have discussed positive solution, Homann flow, convergent flow, shear stress, tangential velocity etc. Also we have compared the shear stress of the strong suction with the shear stress of the Homann and Convergent flow. From the above figure we see that the obtained result is same as the previous result, i. e. It's a comparison between present and previous result.