An Extension of Abraham-Minkowski Controversy to Extend Abraham-Minkowski Friendship: A Theoretical Study in Astrophysics

The Abraham-Minkowski controversy of light refracting to a system is a century-old milk and water at light refraction on a medium. The physicists are in long debate to pick and choose the Abraham or Minkowski forma at calculating momentum of light in a medium during reflection at dynamic environment in astrophysics. This study is designed to ride an anchor in view of mitigating these ongoing hot water in physical geospatialities. Results divulged Abraham-Minkowsky friendship on the equation (16) envelop can turn over a new leaf to the contrary of these Abraham-Minkowski controversy in light physics. Also, it can be a uniquely functional modeling to be used as ρ = ηE / c = E / ηc dancing in worldwide confusion over the controversry.


Introduction
Light is a moving particles generated from an electromagnetic radiation called photons [1,2]. The photon is the single particle of light having field vector of electric charge [3,4]. The photon is a massless particle occupying the momentum [5,6]. This photon is a natural agent stimuting the sight and making things around us visible [7]. This is usually refer to visible light to the human eye creating the sense of sight where visible light is defined as the light of wavelengths ranging 400 to 700nm, between the infrared and the ultraviolet rays [8,9].
The photonic body of sunlight is the suprb over other manual light sources in living world [10]. This light is moving sometimes in wave forms and sometimes in straight lines maintaining the rules of reflection sometimes and refraction sometimes based on environmental geospatialities [11,12]. Refraction is the change of direction of wave propagation due to change in its trasmission medium in different settings [13]. Reflraction follows Snell's law as v 1 sinθ 2 = v 2 sinθ 1 ; θ 1 is the angle of incidence, θ 2 is the angle of refraction and v 1 / v 2 is the phase velocities in the dual media in the system [14,15]. The momentum of the refracted rays is going to be on brown study now-a-days due to Abraham-Minkowski controversry in moderm physics [16,17]. Therefore, this study is conducted in quest of a meddle with bid to escape from this controversy forming a modeling as a new leaf naming Abraham-Minkowsky friendship in worldwide astrophysics.

Methodology
This is a methodological review study in cross-sectional multivariate analysis using secondary data analysis method. Secondary data refers to data collected by some researchers in their studies and by some writers in their scientific books. This data analysis technique in mathematical and physical statistics is in galore use to attain the ultimate gaining in a new study. The data is collected from the speed of light, its mass, velocity, momentum and Snell's law in theoretical physics as well as Newtonian mechanics, refractive index, phase velocity, Minkowski and Abraham forma, Stephen Barnett postulates, Albert Einstein's mass-energy equivalence in astrophysics. These theoretical and thematic instruments are used in different mathematical calculations in applied physics. These instruments have then taken the turn on inventing Abraham-Minkowsky friendship in equational gesture aiming to overcome Abraham-Minkowski controversry at light photon reflection in modern engineering physics.

Results and Discussions
Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object. It is a 3D vector quantity, possessing a magnitude and a direction [18][19][20].
Let, m is an object's mass, v is its velocity and ρ is the momentum. We get the following equation in this fair play in Newtonian mechanics, Considering ρ as the momentum of light, m as its mass and v as the speed in vacuum, we get, v = c (2) where, c = speed of light in vacuum (≈ 3 × 10 8 ms -1 ) [21][22][23].
Putting the value of equation (2) into equation (1), In 1908, Hermann Minkowski calculates the momentum ρ of the refracted ray [24][25][26][27] as follows: where, η M = refractive index of the medium stated in Minkowski's calculation, E = energy of photon and c = speed of light in vacuum.
Just a year later, in 1909, Max Abraham proposed the following formula [28][29][30][31][32] in this connection, where, η A = refractive index of the medium stated in Abraham's calculation, E = energy of photon and c = speed of light in vacuum. A 2010 study suggested by physicist Stephen Barnett propsed the correctness of both the Abraham's and the Minkowski's formulas on his one study in applied physics in measuring the momentum of the refracted ray [33]. The Barnett's study is on the laughing stock to some physicists in the worlwide theoretical mathematics and enegineering physics. A comperison between Abraham and the Minkowski momenta is prevailed till today to the physicists [34].

Conclusions
The battle between Minkowsky and Abraham formula is the greatest World War in astrophysics and in applied mathematics. The current study dynamics has shown a smooth route to deviate this war rendering the mathematical relation ρ = ηE / c = E / ηc in equation (16). Future research should adopt this cozy modeling for taking intervention to understand the aptness of Minkowsky and Abraham formula in astrophysics and also in computation mathematics.

Completing of Interests
The author declares that he has no competing interests.