A Survey on Profound Cultural Diversities and Distinguishability of China

Chinese culture is so substantive content-wise, so broad in diversities, and has had so long history, which is so distinguishable from its outsiders. Most significant components of Chinese culture embraces music, literature, martial arts, cuisine, visual arts, philosophy, religion, ceramics and architecture. China’s literature is in black and white in one language for more than 3,000 consecutive years, resulting easy to read those literature by the Chinese nation in all parts of the country, in spite of steady modifications in pronunciation, the advent of regional and local dialects, and alteration of the characters. Confucianism, Taoism and Chinese Buddhism are pillars for compositions of social values. Chinese architecture was bring into being from more than 2,000 years ago, is almost as old as Chinese civilization and has long been a significant hallmark of Chinese culture. Chinese classic texts are enriching the world with a wide range of topics comprising constellations, calendar, astrology, astronomy, poetry and many more. Chinese art encompasses all characteristics of performance art, folk art and fine art. Chinese painting considered a highly esteemed art in court circles incorporating a diverse variation of Shan shui with specialized styles such as Ming Dynasty painting. Drama is an additional old and significant literary form. China has a very antique and rich convention in literature and the dramatic and visual arts like workings of Confucius (551-479 BC) and Lao-tzu (probably 4th century BC). With rich Chinese philosophical, religious, and historical writings, China also produced dramatic writings, novels, and poetry from an ancient. Chinese drama generally combines vernacular language with music and song and as a result it has been widespread and very popular among the general people. In the famous Peking Opera of the present era, a wide range of popular and standard themes are staged, which is undoubtedly the best known of several operatic traditions that developed in China. China is one of the foremost birth places of Eastern martial arts. The arts have also co-existed with a range of weapons comprising the more standard 18 arms. Chinese tea culture is an essential component in daily life of people. China's legendary tradition endures to the present-day, although much 20th-century writing has focused on efforts to improvement or revolutionize or reform China. Under Communism, writers have been anticipated to endorse the values of the socialist state. Regardless of the fact that China has steadily become modernized during the last one hundred years, the naturalistic view of life is still engrained deeply into the Chinese mind of the contemporary era.


Introduction
It is acknowledged by all that china, a multi-ethnic nation with the world's largest population, has a prolonged history [26,27]. China, along with ancient Babylon, India, and Egypt, is famous as one of the four prodigious ancient civilizations of the world. With an endless history [26,27] of 5,000 years, China has experienced numerous transformations to yield a rich and vital cultural [1,3,5,9,15,19,20,26,27,29] heritage. The distinguishing culture that ascended in China, was both far-reaching and highly refined. At the time of the 21st century BC, an embryonic agricultural society first established in the regions around China's Yellow and Yangtze rivers. At that time animal husbandry with hunting and fishing worked as the main resources of human sustenance. The Xia Dynasty (21st century BC -16th century BC) [43] developed as China's first dynastic government more or less two millennia afterward. With this initiation of dynastic government, successively the Shang Dynasty (from 16 th century BC to 11 th century BC) furthermore developed the national system. The Western Zhou Dynasty (from 11th century BC to 771 BC) moreover advanced the nationwide system. The succeeding Spring and Autumn (770-476BC) [45] and Warring States periods (475-221BC) were a time of persistent encounter for supremacy amid numerous small states. At the present time, Chinese cultures are widespread in the world. On human's thoughts, Confucius [17], Lao Dan are remarkable names and their thoughts and philosophies are greatly renowned in overseas. About additional original Chinese traditional cultures, like Peking Opera, Shadow play, Papercuts, New Year pictures, calligraphy, Buddha, cloisonne, embroidery, and a prominent painting named "A Riverside Scene" at Qingming Festival and so on, are also attracted foreigners and many countries now a days celebrate these and enjoy like an occasion. China's Spring and Autumn [45] and Warring States periods are the model of pronounced improvement in science and technology. Advancement in ideology and culture was at a great significance in this period. A number of prodigious scholars like Kongzi (Confucius), Laozi, Mozi, Xunzi, and Mengzi (Mencius), possessed plentiful ideas and all-encompassing knowledge, who enriched China. The air of free debate amongst the diverse schools of philosophy [4,6,20,26,27] originated by these Chinese thinkers was regarded as by the famous adage, "Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend." It is vivid that Chinese philosophy [4,6,20,26,27] is the assembly philosophy, from various schools of thought, for instance the renowned philosophy in pre-Qin times, the orthodox philosophy throughout the Han Dynasty, Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Buddhist beliefs for the duration of the Sui and Tang dynasties [18,31] and so on. As for Chinese Religions, Taoism is one of the great pillars. The Taoist was bring into being by Zhang Dao Ling in the Eastern Han Dynasty and turn out to be very popular for the duration of the Southern and Northern Reigns. The Taoist religion was prominently influenced by ancient Chinese people's enactment of becoming a celestial being. This is the core belief of Taoist. Chinese Culture enlighten us with development of our both spirit and knowledge. Similar to their contemporaries in antique Greece, the Chinese philosophers formed schools and took on pupils, vividly discoursed and debated, contemplated military and governmental matters, and functioned as strategists and advisories to their country's leaders. They left forthcoming generations a cherished legacy in philosophy [4,6,20,26,27], politics, education, and the military, and had an insightful impact on the culture of China and the whole world.
One of the memorable figure was the military strategist Sun Wu (Sunzi), whose prominent work, Sunzi's Art of War, is in use extensively in this day and age also in the areas of military and economic affairs. In 221BC, at nearly the same time that the Roman Empire was founding hegemony in the Mediterranean, Qin Shihuang, the first Qin Emperor, conquered the warring states and bring into being the Qin Dynasty (221-207BC) --the first united, centralized, multi-ethnic nation in Chinese antiquity. The Qin Dynasty was followed on by many dynasties, which have left a legacy of fascinating stories, and have given a wealth of encouragement for modern Chinese art, literature, film, and television. Ever since the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors period, more or less Chinese monarch in different form has been the chief ruler primarily. Conceptually each imperial or feudal period is alike, with the government and military officials ranking high in the order, and the rest of the population govern by regular Chinese law. Since the late Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BCE) ahead, traditional Chinese society was structured into a hierarchic system of socio-economic classes well-known as the four occupations. From the time when, the commercialization of Chinese culture in the (960-1279 CE) happened, the divisions among all groups became indistinct. From the time of the Sui Dynasty (581-618 CE) educated candidates were actually had to be ready for the Imperial examinations and after passing the exam, graduates were having a chance to step into government as scholar-bureaucrats, which steered to the formation of a meritocracy, even though success was accessible only to males who could pay for test preparation. Imperial examinations prerequisite candidates to write essays and prove expertness of the Confucian classics. Who qualified the highest level of the exam turn out to be elite scholar-officials known as "JINSHI", a highly esteemed socio-economic designation. Trades and crafts were typically educated by a Shifu. The female historian Ban Zhao has put pen to paper about the Lessons for Women in the Han Dynasty and defined the four virtues women must abide to, although scholars such as Zhu Xi and Cheng Yi would expanded upon this. Traditional Chinese culture is actually representation from ethics [4,6,20,26,27], religion and art, philosophy [4,6,20,26,27] and literature, science and technology and even ecology and the environment -expresses the expansion and wisdom of the Chinese people. Above and beyond China is the home for 56 ethnic groups. The largest group, the Han, creates up over 91.59% of China's vast population [2]. The other 55 minority ethnic groups, retain their own rich traditions and customs. China's culture and science are prominently enriched by these groups. It is not only the incomparable inheritance of the people of China, but also a distinct treasure belonging to all humanity. The area in which the culture is leading, encompasses a large geographical region in eastern Asia with principles and traditions varying prominently between towns, cities and provinces. Significant constituents of Chinese culture comprises literature, music, visual arts [24,30], martial arts [24,30], cuisine, etc. Another aspect is many inside the Han identity have retained distinctive linguistic and regional cultural [1,3,5,9,15,19,20,26,27,29] traditions. Some of the ethnic people are as below in Figure 1. For ensuring that the 56 Chinese ethnic groups are breathing in an integrated way with peace and harmony, the government announced a series of policies like ones to secure the equality and unity of ethnic groups, give regional self-government to ethnic minorities and promote admiration for the faith and customs of ethnic groups. The terminology Zhonghua Minzu has been used to define the notion of Chinese nationalism at large. Much of the traditional identity inside the community has to do with differentiating the family name.

Philosophy
The majority of Chinese philosophy [4,6,20,26,27] instigates in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States era, during a period, categorized by noteworthy intellectual and cultural developments [1,3,5,9,15,19,20,26,27,29], famous as the "Hundred Schools of Thought". In this era foremost philosophies of China, Taoism, Confucianism [7,8,10,17,40,41,52], Mohism, and Legalism arose. Other insignificance beliefs were Agriculturalism, Chinese Naturalism, and the Logicians. Confucius [17] was more concerned about the people and governing the country by virtue with extensive cultivation of virtue and maintenance of ethics. The utmost foundation of Confucian are REN, YI, and LI. The Ren is a responsibility of self-sacrifice and humaneness for other individuals inside a community, Yi is the keeping of righteousness and the moral disposition to do worthy things, and Li is a system of norms and propriety that decides how a person should accurately be in action inside a community.
Confucius [17] was the first creator of private school educators in Chinese history. He was more anxious about education, he advocated teach someone according to his natural capability, consideration to individual differences in education. He advocate students valuing teachers and teachers appreciating students. It has a big inspiration on later teaching. Confucius [17] was in contradiction of monopoly and he focused on human life and existence. He have great fellow feeling for the people, against the rulers of extortion. The Confucian was further apprehensive on heaven and man, as per Confucius, a gentleman shall strive along with perseverance, regardless of past and present. Confucian have made a difference on the development the world peace, forming a harmonious society. Confucian culture is the base of the most powerful of traditional Chinese culture, and it has profound effect on Chinese culture. Mencius take over the guidelines of Confucius [17] and he endorsed and advanced it through all his life. Xunzi's believing on blend of etiquette and law in administering a country was very much influential. The Confucian thought is based on Confucius Meng Xun Zi's thought. At the beginning of Confucian, thought is on a personal level, and it protracted to regulating a family, managing state affairs and even reigning the universe, and it had becoming an all-encompassing whole.
Lao-Tzu (606-530 B. C.) is the Founder of Daoism [38,49,50, 51] and writer of the holy book "Tao Te Ching". Daoism [38,49,50,51] is sometime known as "Taoism", is principally associated with the notion of "Dao" or "Way", and encompasses ideas of naturalness and ease, nonaction and working along with the flow. The traditional tri-part Dao is redefined as-Ren: Humanity, Kun: Earth and Tian: "Heaven". The way of humanity (rendao), the way of earth (kundao) and the way of heaven (tiandao), are different, more or less rarefied, but with the aspects of the same "universe", more perfectly conceived as a way of change. Yang-"What Is" actually says about Heaven, white or red, light, warm, positive, masculine, creative and active, Heaven and Life as shown in Figure 2. Yin-"What Is Not" says about Black, Dark, forces, Earth, mysterious, negative, Feminine, Receptive, Non-action and Death as shown in Figure 2. A further refined understanding of Daoism [38,49,50,51] in its full complexity initiated with the reissue of the Daoist canon (Daozang) in Shanghai in 1923-25. Daoist Canon of China (thread-bound edition) is shown in Figure 3. The canon is a gathering of about 1,500 texts which encompasses scriptures, commentaries, hagiographies, cultivation manuals, and liturgies. It was finished in 1445, it was actually the outcome of an intense compilation work over a number of decades and continued earlier gatherings of Daoist resources that went back as far as the fifth century C. E., but had been lost, burned, or else destroyed. Even this canon was secreted in the depth of monasteries and nearly forgotten, so that in the early twentieth century, only two sets of woodblocks persisted. The blocks were gathered and republished in Shanghai and the canon came to be reachable outside of Daoist institutions for the first time. Buddhism was originated in India around 500 B. C. by Siddartha Gautama, aka "The Buddha." Buddhism [11,13,16,46,47,48], as one of the most influential and significant religions in the world, has spread and advanced in China for thousands of years. Siddartha Gautama is recognized by his believers as an awakened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end suffering, attain nirvana, and escape what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth. Its inspirations have extended from religion to every aspect in China. As on date, it still retains a definite standing space and could not be replaced by other things. With its progress in China, Buddhism [11,13,16,46,47,48] reserves its special and exclusive values and occupies a crucial position in the intense culture system in ancient China, even shares an alike position with traditional Confucianism [7,8,10,17,40,41,52] and Taoism. Buddhism's expansion in China continues to create incorporation with Chinese traditional thinking. As a result, it is extensively believed and understood by the public in China due to its almighty capability to encounter the variable necessities of beliefs for Chinese people.
Buddhism literature [11,13,16,46,47,48] is the largest and varied most in theme and style. This kind of literature has had a leading influence on all East Asian Buddhists and further influenced the cultures and literatures in China, Korea, and Japan. It has become an inseparable aspect in Chinese traditional culture. Its great impacts have extended to almost every aspect in culture or daily life. Buddhism [11,13,16,46,47,48] carries into China a number of thinking, which are predestined to become dominant factors in the Chinese attitude in the direction of life and death, society and cosmos, etc. The ideas, such as paradises and hells, karma and rebirth, emptiness and reality, bondage and liberation, impermanence and suffering, are all requisite to the development of Chinese literary thoughts, let's say, the poets as Tao Yuanming, Wang Wei, Bai Juyi, Su Shi are noticeably swayed by the beliefs of Buddhism. To the Chinese, Buddhism [11,13,16,46,47,48] bring together a new and complete way of life: the renunciation of household, the striving for nirvana by leading a monastic life, the compassionate Bodhisattva, and the optimism for a new and happier life in the forthcoming way of life are all new to Chinese people. These new philosophies enrich Chinese thinking and added new components for Chinese literature. For the reason that, many writers are capable to liberate themselves from the rigid framework of Chinese literature. The Buddhism [11,13,16,46,47,48] gives emphasis to systematic personal cultivation of mind, which opened up a new and subjective world for Chinese writers, and it combined with the love of nature in Chinese traditional poetry to spread far beyond this society and life, therefore inspiring the imaginative powers of Chinese literature. Buddhism [11,13,16,46,47,48] has restructured the ancient literary forms and it also carried new subject matter and terms to Chinese literature, like demons and spirits, flowers and plants, oceans and mountains, strange animals and birds, ideas and ideals etc. Along with the extent of Buddhism, science and technology like astronomy and medicine are also brought into China.
The printings of Buddhism scripts, moderately, have enhanced the technology of engraved typography in China. Today, the oldest engravings lingered in the world are all the versions of Buddhism [11,13,16,46,47,48]. Language has also been persuaded by Buddhism as the utmost pervasive and direct culture. The interpretation of Buddhism writings carries new grammars, which quicken the modifications of Chinese grammatical systems. Buddhism [11,13,16,46,47,48] also took along many new terms and phrases into Chinese vocabulary, a lot of which as on time be in existence in modern Chinese language. In the area of traditional art, Buddhism has made enormous contributions to Chinese ancient structural design. The most antique buildings remained as on time are towers of Buddhism, such as, the Brick Tower of Songyue Temple in Songshan Mountain, Henan Province, which is the wealth for study of the Chinese antique architecture [32] history. Numerous relics of Buddhism presently are famous scenery places in China. The grottos in Longmen, Yungang and Dunhuang are popular in the world as the assets of the Chinese ancient carving art. The vivid stories explained in Buddhism bring more constituents and encouragements to artists for painting [13]. Wu Daozi, Yan Liben and Gu Kaizi are all cherished worldly by painting Buddhism pictures [13]. Then again, Chinese music is also influenced significantly by Buddhism. The Buddhist music formerly was very widespread in the second century and The Tang Reign [18,31] has absorbed the music from other Buddhist countries and can be found in some temples now a days also. With more and more people adapting Buddhism [11,13,16,46,47,48] shows the explanations to consider that Chinese Buddhism is unquestionable to boast a more resplendent and refulgent future. The inspiration of Buddhism [11,13,16,46,47,48] has permeated over and done with all the fields of Chinese traditional culture owing to its distinct and unique glamour. Though it has carried somewhat new to China, it also has been integrated by the strong power of Chinese culture, thus turn into an attached part of it.

Language and Literature
The antique written standard was Classical Chinese. It was used for thousands of years, but was by and large earmarked for scholars and intellectuals which constitutes the "top" class of the society named "shi da fu ". Calligraphy later commercialized, and works by prominent artists turn out to be prized possessions. Chinese literature commenced by record possession and divination on Oracle Bones. The wide-ranging gathering of books that have been well-maintained ever since the Zhou Dynasty exhibit how progressive the intellectuals were at that time. To be sure, the era of the Zhou Dynasty [44] is frequently looked to as the standard of Chinese cultural development [1,3,5,9,15,19,20,26,27,29]. The Five Cardinal Points are the basis for almost all foremost studies. Conceptions concealed within the Chinese classic texts present a wide range of subjects comprising constellations, poetry, astronomy, calendar, astrology, and many others.
Chinese literature has an extended past. Some of the utmost significant initial texts include I Ching (around 1000 BC) and Shujing within the Four Books and Five Classics. Many Chinese conceptions such as Yin and Yang, Qi, Four Pillars of Destiny concerning heaven and earth were all put forward in the dynastic periods. The Song Dynasty [14] was a period of prodigious scientific literature as well, and saw the foundation of works such as Su Song's Xin Yixiang Fayao and Shen Kuo's Dream Pool Essays. There were also huge works of historiography and large encyclopedias, for instance Sima Guang's Zizhi Tongjian of 1084 AD or the Four Great Books of Song fully compiled and modified by the 11th century. Prominent Confucianists, Taoists and scholars of all classes have made noteworthy contributions to and from documenting olden times to authoring virtuous thoughts that seem hundreds of years ahead of time.
By the completion of the Qing Dynasty, Chinese culture got on a new era with on paper vernacular Chinese for the public. Hu Shih and Lu Xun would be forerunners in modern literature. Dynastic histories were frequently written, commencement with Sima Qian's seminal Records of the Grand Historian, which was written from 109 BC to 91 BC. The Tang Dynasty [18,31] saw a poetic flowering, whereas the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature were in black and white throughout the Ming [25] and Qing Dynasties. Printmaking in the type of transportable type was created during the Song Dynasty [14]. The prosperity of philosophy [4,6,20,26,27] during the Warring States Period created such notable works as Confucius's Analects [39] and Laozi's Tao Te Ching. Numerous novels such as Four Great Classical Novels produced countless fictional stories.

Mythology and Religion
Preceding to the initiation of Chinese civilization and World religion in the region usually acknowledged today as East Asia comprising the territorial confines of modern-day China. Chinese religion was formerly concerned with worshipping the supreme GOD Shang Di throughout the Xia and Shang dynasties [43], with the king and diviners performing as priests by use of oracle bones. The Zhou dynasty has leaned it to worshipping which is nothing but the broader perception of heaven. Numerous methodologies of divination have helped replying questions, even aiding as an alternative to medicine. Animism in China and Shamanism which has the longest documented history [26,27] in China, is still accomplished properly by numerous ethnic groups around China, comprising the Han Chinese. Some of the utmost renowned divine figures comprise Guan Yin, Jade Emperor and Buddha. There is often an indistinct line among unexplained phenomenon, religion and myth. Succeeding the emergence of Chinese civilization, an early native form of religious practice in Chinese history [26,27] commenced to advance from the more primitive elements of Shamanism, folk religions and animism, known as Taoism and is well-thought-out a Traditional Chinese Religion along with other Chinese folk religions and Confucianism with a population of almost 400 million followers in China alone.

Music
At the time of Zhou Dynasty (1122 BCE -256 BCE), the documents and artifacts provided the evidence of a well-developed musical culture. Some of the oldest music in black and white dates back to Confucius's time [17]. The first foremost blossoming of Chinese music was for the qin throughout the Tang Dynasty [18,31], even though the instrument is well-known to have played a foremost part before the Han Dynasty. There are numerous musical instruments that are essential to Chinese culture, such as the guqin (bridgeless zither), Guzheng (zither with movable bridges), the erhu (alto fiddle or bowed lute), pipa (pear-shaped plucked lute), Xun (Ocarina-type instrument that is also integral in Native American cultures) and sheng and xiao (vertical flute) and many others as shown in Figure  4. Antique historical documents [26,27] hint the history of Chinese music back to the era of the legendary Yellow Emperor [42], 4,000 to 5,000 years ago. A set of sixty-four cast bronze bells, was created in the State of Chu in the Warring States Period, 2,400 years ago, which is really a wonder in the history of world music., and has been revealed in Central China's Hubei Province. Each bell yields two notes, with the set covering a range of over five octaves. An extensive variety of classical and modem music, together with symphonic works by Beethoven, can be accomplished on the set, which is tuned to a diatonic scale in the key of C major.

Arts and Architecture and Sports
Firstly Chinese music and poetry was persuaded by the Book of Songs, and the Chinese poet and statesman Qu Yuan. Chinese painting [21,22,23,28,33,34,35,36,37] turned into an extremely cherished art encompassing a wide variety of Shan shui with specialized styles for instance Ming Dynasty [25] painting. From 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, the roots of Chinese painting [21,22,23,28,33,34,35,36,37] was found as elegantly engraved prehistoric pots was created by China's "painted pottery" culture at that juncture. For the duration of the Warring States Period, Chinese painting had advanced into a distinguishing and developed art form [24,30]. Colored drawings on silk from this period, uncovered from the tomb of the King of Chu in Changsha (Central China's Hunan Province), are the ancient existing drawings in China and the world. Chinese painting [12] sustained to progress throughout the Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties (265-420), and prospered throughout the Sui (581-618), Tang (618-907), Song (960-1279), Yuan (1271-1368), Ming (1368-1644) [25] and Qing (1644-1911) Dynasties [21,22,33,34,35,36,37]. Early Chinese music was with percussion instruments, which later were with stringed and reed tools. By the Han dynasty papercutting came to be a new art form afterward the creation of paper. Chinese opera would also be presented and branched provincially in additional to other enactment formats such as variety arts [24,30]. Chinese calligraphy and painting [21,22,23,28,33,34,35,36,37], which acted and advanced in tandem, are the directorial power of China's fine arts [24,30] and Chinese calligraphy embody China's humanist spirit, and indeed these are unparalleled in the arts of the world. China has the ultimate antique calligraphic tradition. The Chinese system of writing that use pictographs in place of alphabets, has been in presence for some thousand years and is not only a manifestation of Chinese culture, but also one of the marked endeavors of early human civilization. Some calligraphies are shown in Figure 5. Pictographic Chinese characters endure an alikeness to an antique fossil record in that they vividly confined the natural, social, and spiritual face of the antique world, and replicate the progression of both the Chinese people and human society. Calligraphy [24,30] has its base in writing, primary recognized form of Chinese writing, consist of primitive pictographs, has been created and engraved on 5000-year-old Neolithic pottery shards.
Porcelain pottery was most prominent art in the Paleolithic period. Ceramics and porcelain are amongst the greatest creations of ancient China [14]. The utmost outstanding porcelain is made in Jingdezhen in East China's Jiangxi Province known as China's porcelain capital. "Tone like a chime, bright as a mirror, thin as paper, white as jade" is a perfect saying about the Jingdezhen porcelain. Yixing in Jiangsu Province is the most important place for purple sand pottery and it is also famous as China's ceramics capital [14]. Yixing pottery is both beautiful and unique. China's four foremost styles of embroidery, which is always been a traditional art, developed in Sichuan Province (Southwestern China), Hunan Province (Central China), Guangdong Province (South China) and Suzhou (Jiangsu). An embroidery artist always use numerous dozen of diverse stitches which depicts flowers, people, scenery, animals or any number of meticulously designed patterns [24,30].
China is one of the foremost birth place of Eastern martial arts [24,30]. Kung Fu or Gongfu meaning "human attainment" is outcome of collectively given names of Chinese martial arts. It reflects numerous facets of Chinese culture which makes it very unique in the world, with incorporation of traditional Chinese philosophies, aesthetic sense, psychology, ethics and medical science also. Chinese Kung Fu retains a significant and widespread cross-cultural [1,3,5,9,15,19,20,26,27,29] importance. Western culture influenced a lot on the alleyway of Chinese modernization.
Meanwhile Chinese culture as well is also influencing with positive impact on Western culture. The acceptance of Chinese Gongfu, together with Taijiquan, Qigong, etc., is not restricted to China but has turned into a universal phenomenon proving the converse impact.
Due to the reason of inclusion of diverse aspects, for example natural state and social scope, fighting exercise and health care, intensive exploration on Gongfu could lean-to an exclusively new light on these correlated phenomena in an intercultural perspective. Legendary and debated moves like Dim Mak are applauded throughout the world and this art co-existed with a variability of weapons comprising the more standard 18 arms and spoken about within the culture. The first generation of art was in full swing for the importunity of survival and warfare more than art [24,30]. Time to time, some art forms have branched off, whereas others have taken a distinctive Chinese flavor. China has produced some of the most prominent martial artists together with Wong Fei Hung and many others as shown in Figure 6. If Gongfu research commence with the aesthetic method, to be precise "perceptually comprehensive method", the profundity of specifically multi-gradation and multi-orientation with its intercultural importance can be enlightened in a congruently simply way, it is advanced as a new subject and becoming a new pathway for contemporary international academia. The lion is considered as a mascot, which can fetch good luck, safety and happiness, so performing the lion dance became a tradition. Xia Dynasty (21st-16th century BC) [43] was the root for Chinese sculpture. Realistic terracotta burial figures of soldiers and horses were made for the tomb of Qin Shihuang, the First Qin Emperor at the time of the Qin Dynasty. The innovation and excavation of thousands of these figures from the Emperor's tomb in Xi'an were greeted as the "Eighth Wonder of the World" by overseas archaeologists. China's Four Pronounced Grottos --the Yungang Grottos at Datong in North China's Shanxi Province, the Longmen Grottos at Luoyang in Central China's Henan Province and the Maijishan Grottos in Northwest China's Gansu Province --are storehouses of antique Chinese art, and treasures. The Mogao Grottos are the utmost antique and encompass the most magnificent cliff paintings and sculptures. The lion dance has a documented history [26,27] of more than 2,000 years. From the time of Tang Dynasty [18,31], the Lion Dance was already made known to the royal family of the dynasty. Ancient people considered the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could repel evil and defend humans.
Some China encirclements the home to Shaolin Monastery and Wudang Mountains, which are very much well regarded. Chinese architectures [32] are models as hallmark of the great culture for over 2,000 years. There are definite features which are common to Chinese architecture [32], irrespective of particular region or use. The most significant is its prominence on width, as well as the wide, one of prominent example is halls of the Forbidden City. There are many building which is a great expression of the Chinese pursuit of harmony between Heaven and mortals. The Temple of Heaven, the Circular Mound Altar, the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses, Civilian Residential Housing, they displays us the respect with awe and gratitude. And if we learn Chinese cultures more, we can learn how to decorate our garden even park's garden. Chinese garden arts are also interesting and helpful. Through the Chinese culture we can build more beautiful and unique buildings. An additional significant feature is symmetry, which signifies a sense of grandeur as it relates to everything from palaces to farmhouses. One distinguished exception is in the design of gardens, which inclines to be as asymmetrical as conceivable. Alike Chinese scroll paintings, the norm underlying the garden's composition is to build enduring flow, to make the patron wander and enjoy the garden, as in nature herself. Feng shui has a significant part in structural improvement.
Carving and metalwork, ceramics and porcelain, and cloisonné (a kind of finish) enamel inlay, embroidery and painting, are some of the wonderful traditional arts and crafts. Some of the prominent traditional craft items are grass objects, Bamboo furniture, woven bamboo and paper cuts and lanterns, kites, and toys are also very widespread, whereas cloisonné, Chinese jade and ivory ornaments, and embroidery are beloved by people all over the world.
Traditional Chinese culture is recorded and described not simply in historical books and documents, but also in architectural records, for example antique city walls, palaces, grottos and temples, pagodas, and in artefacts [24,30], for instance coins, clocks, jade, bronze objects, weapons, bronze mirrors, and pottery objects, and curios; and folk culture comprised drinking games, lanterns, cuisine, martial arts, chess, clothing, song and dance, embroidery, tea ceremonies, riddles and kites. Impregnated with the differentiating romance and charm of the East, Chinese art [24,30] has congregated cheering all over the world.

Fashion
Diverse social classes in diverse eras boast diverse fashion movements, the color yellow or red is customarily earmarked for the emperor. China's fashion history [26,27] comprises hundreds of years with some of the utmost colorful and different provisions and selections. For the period of the Qing Dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty, extraordinary changes of the clothing had taken place. The clothing of the era before the Qing Dynasty is denoted as Hanfu or traditional Han Chinese clothing. Many symbols for instance phoenix have been in use for long time for decorative along with economic purposes.

Chinese Poetry
Chinese poetry as a cultural ideology, in diverse historical periods, are an image of the political and economic stages. It is the Chinese people for thousands of years of practice in the social history [26,27] formed by the process of spiritual wealth. Chinese poetry has a dissimilar national character, has a sole national tradition, and has its own distinctive course of development. Chinese poetry has a long history [26,27], exceptional traditions, has accrued rich cultural heritage and it is China's precious cultural tradition [1,3,5,9,15,19,20,26,27,29], and people's cultural life is diligently connected to harmony.

Five Famous Symbols of Chinese Culture
Dragon "In the faraway orient lies a dragon, whose name is China" as the classic Chinese song's indications, China is designated as "Oriental Dragon". All the Chinese people are full of pride of being his offspring. Though, Dragon doesn't be in the reality but was fashioned by antique Chinese people. This astonishing creature made up of many portions of other animals', alike the head of a camel, alike the horns of a deer, alike the eyes of a rabbit, alike the ears of a bull, alike the neck and alike body of a snake, alike the belly of a kind of huge clam, alike the scales of a carp, alike the claws of a hawk, alike the palm of a tiger etc. It at all times carries a pearl and take along good luck for all people. There are numerous attention-grabbing activities correlated to the dragon on festivals as well as shown in Figure 7, like the dragon dance and the dragon boat race. Dragon is also an emblem of power and authority. In Chinese history [26,27], only the emperor can be entitled the son of Dragon.

The Great Wall
The Great Wall is one of the eight wonders in this world and can be viewed even from the outer space. In the antique time it used to be the military defence. The huge structure localizes through high mountains. The Wall begins from Shanhaiguan, Liaoning Province, eastern China and finished in Jiayuguan, covering over 12,700 kilometers. So it is also termed Ten Thousand Li Wall in China.

Chinese Red
In China, red has a significance or recommendation of luck and happiness. Every time when vital festivals reach, specifically Spring Festival, the whole country is shielded by red, from the beautification of buildings and houses to people's clothes. As a preparation on Spring Festival, the Chinese people would like to post a big red Chinese character "福"，connoting Luck, on the door of their house, expecting that luck and happiness can come home. In the meantime, red also means the evading of evil. People wear red clothes or use other things in red to defend themselves against evil things, specifically when the year of their animal arrives. Red means liveliness and passion throughout the world. Red has become an essential part of people's daily life.
Dumpling Dumpling has been a kind of traditional Chinese food since the antique time. It was invented by Zhang Zhongjing, a renowned doctor on Chinese Medicine. Though, his innovative purpose of that brainchild was to save the poor, caring them when they were hungry, and had cold and illness. In this day and age Dumpling is much more widespread both in china and in overseas. On the eve of Spring Festival, it is with conviction the main and essential dish of the dinner. It is relished and esteemed and loved by both the young and the old.
Chopsticks Chopsticks are the essential means for eating. The tool was developed about 3000 years ago, together with the commencement of civilization consciousness, often it is termed as "Oriental Civilization". At the present time, chopsticks are not only a meal tool, but as per a foreign research, chopsticks can benefit to develop the muscles and brains when eating is done by using those. In the history and in the modern era, it is made of diverse materials and decorated with stunning and magnificent designs, chopsticks have already become kind of artwork, as a result, they are bought and sent as gifts recurrently.

The Impact of Chinese Traditional Culture and Philosophies on Business Ethical Practice
In modern years, china's economy has been emerging faster. In this perspective, Chinese traditional culture and philosophies are extremely important in relations with the growth of Chinese economy. The doctrines of the four mentors of ancient china, Confucius, Mencius, Laozi and Zhunagzi, endorsed magnitude effect on Chinese business practices, specifically ethical practices. Business ethical practices, always mention the most influential philosopher, Confucius [17], who was admired as the 'First Sage of China'. As at the center of Confucianism [7,8,10,17,40,41,52] lies relationship, and lacking a significant relationship, the duty of ethical behaviour is disappeared. So in administrations team works are fundamentally vital. Only stronger link among every members of the team can make the assignments to be accomplished quickly as the relationships of Confucianism [7,8,10,17,40,41,52] are reciprocate in nature, which means that we are not only living as a single entity but also as a part of a relationship in society and organization. Consequently, it retains an impeccable equilibrium among being a single entity and as a part. Thus, the individual will do things for the best of his team; on occasion even sacrifices his own benefits. By sacrificing his own benefits for achieving a closer relationship with other members in this team, will as a return, enrich and improve the level of behaviour and administration he gets accordingly. In my opinion, no business can persist without ensuing the doctrines of Confucianism [7,8,10,17,40,41, 52] since relationship, the core of Confucianism, is also one of the utmost significant parts of business in china. In china, an essential part of doing business is called Guanxi, which is entirely inherited from Confucianism [7,8,10,17,40,41,52]. Typically an enhanced and all-encompassing Guanxi can provide both companies a higher opportunity to create a more prosperous and durable arrangement with each other.
The 'Second Sage of China', Mencius, is also a famous and admired philosopher in Chinese history [26,27], which believed in the inherent goodness of humanity and believed that all people have the inherent potentials to do the correct things. Therefore, Mencius felt that rulers had to uphold de, or virtue, with the intention of upholding their position of power. There derives the Chinese democracy as per my opinion. The method of making decision is the utmost profound aspect to indicate democracy if relates to business conduction. At most time in china, decisions are taken by lower level employees as it will be well-thought-out as autocracy if decision is taken only by the top level managers and that will be well-thought-out as a confrontation to the doctrines of Mencius of displaying benevolence and morality when employees are enforced to accomplish those jobs. As employees are eager to complete those missions so they will determinedly take ethical behaviours as they don't have to take unethical behaviours to finish those unrealistic goals fixed by the top level. That's how morality originates from the practice of impartiality and collectiveness.
Laozi, who projected the idea of 'Yin and Yang', assumed nature exists in harmony and balance. When doing team works, it is better for leaders not to be so worthwhile, meaning that leaders should not do the whole thing individually but leave more space for their employees to indicate their values. It creates impact on balancing the relationship of employers and employees as people should endeavour for harmony and balance. It is specifically significant to leaders to understand that he is not dictating the team but should be a part of the team. Leaders should learn to trust the employees and provide more freedom and space and rights to their subordinates in order to make the employees feel that they are trustworthy and they will be enthusiastically to do as much better as they can. So at the present time, the influence of Daoism [38,49,50,51] is becoming stronger and stronger in business arena in china.

Chinese Tea Culture
China is the birthplace of the tea and Tea culture also originated here with a history [26,27] of about 4,000 years, and it reputes throughout the world. Tea is a kind of liquid refreshment, but the tea culture spreads numerous varieties of art through it. Tea and Chinese culture mix suitably to form the Chinese tea culture which reveals the material civilization and the spiritual civilization in some special periods in China. The tea culture imitative from Han Dynasty, flourished in Song Dynasty [14] and Ming Dynasty [25], and dropped in Qing Dynasty. In Lu Yu's "Tea Classics" Tea was discovered by Shengnong and became widespread as a drink in the State of Lu owing to Zhou Gong." The tea culture's connotation is a concrete mirror image of the Chinese culture. The essence of the tea culture was reflected through making tea, appreciating tea, smelling tea, drinking tea and tasting tea. Throughout this progression, etiquette plays a significant role in tea art and in improving the spiritual culture of Chinese. Chinese tea can be categorized in diverse means. The elementary classification system of Chinese tea is as per the degree of fermentation of the tea. According to the system, Chinese tea can be roughly divided into: green tea, white tea, oolong tea, black tea and yellow tea. Some depictions of various tea culture are shown in Figure 8.
The degree of fermentation sorts from low to high. The life values of Chinese tea culture is identical with the spirit of Chinese tea culture, some of the values are like-Morality, Harmony, Simplicity, Sincerity and Inclusion etc. Tea nature encompasses tea morality and tea morality is human excellence. Tea was termed Jiamu in Lu Yu's tea classics, as the feature and character of tea are strong, plain and peaceful which accurately mirrored Chinese etiquette. The good quality of tea matched accurately with the beautiful virtue of human being. The connotation of Teaism is harmony, respect and peace. It point to the embodiments of people worshiping nature, loving life and following good virtues. Chinese tea culture mirrors harmony in tea art, tea literature, tea ceremony, tea feast, tea custom and tea party. It is the spirit of tea culture to display simplicity through tea to others and cultivate morality through simplicity in society. People stress the empathy among human and nature and pursue the unity of the true, the kind and the beauty, called the sincerity. Also we know that sincerity is the foremost content of Chinese Taoism. So simply when we taste tea with peaceful mood and open mind, we can enjoy the inclination and pleasure granted by nature and be in harmony with nature. We can confirm that the life values of Chinese tea culture is profoundly deep-rooted in Chinese national spirit and even influenced international people instinctively in several ways.

Chinese Food Culture
A meal in Chinese culture is usually seen as comprising of two or more general components: Zhushi (main food)---stereotypically rice, noodles, or mantou (steamed bun), and associated dishes of vegetables, meat, fish, or other items, renowned as cai (dish) in the Chinese language. Rice is a critical part of much of Chinese cuisine, in northern China, wheat-based products comprising noodles and steamed buns preponderated. Some of the Chinese cuisines are shown in Figure 9. Soup is typically served at the end of a meal, in southern China it is more often served at the start of a meal. The Chinese word for fish "Yu" resonances like the word abundance. Thus, fish is at all times served to signify gatherings of prosperity and wealth with the New Year's Eve meals and also the fish is served whole, with the head and the tail, signifying a good commencement and completion for the coming year. Long noodle is the sign of longevity in Chinese tradition. So it is part of Chinese birthday celebrations with the intention of, youngsters or seniors all will have a bowl of Noodle in the expectancy of a healthy long life. The Chinese have faith in eggs denote fertility. After a baby is born, parents may embrace a "red egg and ginger party", where they serve round hard-boiled eggs to proclaim the birth. The lotus seeds, watermelon seeds, denote bearing several children in Chinese traditional culture. In a Chinese wedding, family person frequently put red dates, peanuts, Longan, and lotus seeds on the bed of the new couple, signifying they will reproduce very quickly. Chinese cooking art comprises the complete presence of colour, shape, and aroma. China is a huge country with various climate, customs, products, and habits. People in coastal areas favor seafood and aquatic products, although those who reside in central and northwest China eat more domestic animals and poultry. The utmost influential are the 'Eight Cuisines consisting of Hunan Cuisine, Sichuan Cuisine, Zhejiang Cuisine, Guangdong Cuisine, Fujian Cuisine, Jiangsu Cuisine, Shandong Cuisine, and Anhui Cuisine. Distinct guests and elderly sit on the north side of the table or straight fronting the entrance to the room.

Traditional Festivals and Customs and Medicines
Some of prominent festivals in China are-Spring Festival, Lantern, Tomb-sweeping Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Spring Festival Gala, Mid-autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, and Intangible Cultural Heritage [1,3,5,9,15,19,20,26,27,29]. Some snaps of the Chinese major traditional festivals are shown in Figure 10. China's most significant festival is celebrated on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month each year. The Lantern Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the first lunar month, is diligently correlated to the Spring Festival. It denotes the end of the New Year celebrations, succeeding which life proceeds to normal. The most projecting movement of the Lantern Festival is the magnificent exhibition of beautiful lanterns. The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, usually in October. The Mid-Autumn Festival is the utmost romanticized in China as a day of family reunion and a festival with friends as the round shape to a Chinese means family reunion. The Double-Ninth Festival is celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month and has a past celebration record of more than 1,700 years. The Dragon Boat Festival is very famous is celebrated on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month. Tomb-sweeping Day is a period to think of the dead and the dearly who are dead and during this festival, they honour and to pay respect to one's deceased ancestors and family members. It is celebrated in early spring. Chong Yang is the ninth day of the ninth lunar month when the two Yang numbers meet. Other traditional festivals are like-Qixi Festival (Double Seventh Festival, which is considered as China's Valentine's Day, Qi Qiao Jie. Ghost Festival is celebrated on the fifteenth day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar (Ghost Day) and the seventh month in common is considered as the Ghost Month, in which ghosts and spirits, comprising those of the deceased ancestors, come out from the underworld. Winter solstice is a very significant solar term in Chinese Lunar calendar. Laba festival is celebrated on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month. The 12th lunar month is named the La month, denoting a world of ice and snow. Ba stand for eight. The 8th day of that month was well-thought-out a day for making sacrifices to gods and ancestors to ensure a peaceable life and a good harvest in the next year.

Chinese Clothing
In the class society, dress was the token of social status. It was from the Xia and Shang Dynasties that dress system came into existence in China. In the Zhou Dynasty, the system was improved. From then on the differences as to colour, design and adornment of dress were firmly made amongst the emperor, officials and the common people. At the time of the Zhou Dynasty, garments were categorized into: sacrificial attire, court, army, mourning and wedding attire. China's whole code of costume and trappings was established in the Han Dynasty and The Tang Dynasty (618-907) [18,31] marked the brightest page in the olden times of Chinese clothing. People's clothes were more diverse than before as the state was more open to the external world and people became more international in their thinking. Tang Dynasty [18,31] was well-thought-out as a new turning point for Hanfu. In the Tang era [18,31], foreign culture was actively accepted by the Chinese and mixed into Chinese traditional culture. Casual wear appeared in the Song Dynasty [14] and clothes were simple and elegant. The hierarchy system of officials of the Song Dynasty [14] shadowed that of the Tang Dynasty, as a result official costumes in the palace for the period of the two dynasties were alike. For the duration of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolian ethnic group, recognized as the people on horseback, was in power. The simple and unadorned style of clothing was mostly a combination of Mongolian and Han influences. Intense modifications took place during the Ming Dynasty [25] adding vitality to clothing culture. Throughout the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), clothes became elegant, poised, and glorious. Some of the typical Chinese costumes are Cheong-sam (Qi Pao), Chinese tunic suit (Zhongshan suit /Mao suit), the Tang Costumes [18,31]. Through the silk trade, Chinese garment design and style had its extreme effect on the rest of the world. Conversely, garments, crafts and styles of other countries had their own intense impact on Chinese garments too. Suzhou is the usually acknowledged as the home of Chinese silk or the silk capital of China. The huge range of Suzhou silk, long recognized for its quality and beauty, discovers a curt market in more than 100 countries and regions all over the world. Embroidery is a traditional Chinese handicraft presenting flowers, birds and scenery on silk or other cloth in coloured silk threads. Chinese embroidery initiated over 3,000 years ago. It has distinctive regional and ethnic characteristics. Some of the prominent embroidery in China includes: Shu Embroidery from Sichuan, Su Embroidery from Suzhou, Xiang Embroidery from Hunan and Yue Embroidery from Guangdong. Some of type of dresses are shown in Figure 11.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
The traditional Chinese medicine are acknowledged all over the world as the one of the prominent treasures of China. Bian Que who belongs to Spring and Autumn [45] and the Warring States Period, was expert in treating the five sensing organs and the diseases of children and women. He invented the four diagnostic methods. Hua Tuo who belongs to the Eastern Han Dynasty, was an expert in medicine, surgery, gynaecology and paediatrics. He formulated a general anaesthetic Mafeisan and an arrangement of therapeutical exercises known as "the Five-animal exercises". Li Shizhen, who belongs to the Ming Dynasty [25], is famous for his monumental masterpiece, Compendium of Meteria Medica, which comprises 1,892 medicinal substances, 11,096 prescriptions, and 1,162 illustrations. Zhang Zhongjing, who belongs to the Eastern Han Dynasty, was the writer of a famous medical works called On Disease. This comprises over 300 prescriptions and 200 medicines. Traditional Chinese medicine is very dissimilar from Western Medicine in terms of diagnosis, treatment and its composition of drugs and prescriptions. Traditional Chinese Medical Science is as per yin-yang and the five element theory. The theories are metal, wood, water, fire and earth. Human body is considered an integration of essence, energy and spirit. Chinese doctors of traditional medicine proceeds with the holistic approach for diagnosing. They consider the whole body of the patient: his/her food, age, lifestyles, feelings, habits and living environment. They pay specific consideration to the reasons of the sickness instead of the symptoms. Four common diagnostic are: Listening, Smelling, Inquiring and observing and Feeling the pulse. Some of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are shown in Figure 12. Acupuncture is a practice of alternative medicine, which is a fundamental constituent of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) encompassing thin needles inserted into the body at acupuncture points. It can be accompanying with the application of heat, pressure, or laser light to these same points.

Ancient Science and Technology and Present Scenario
The Four Foremost Inventions were Compass, Papermaking, Gunpowder and Printing. Other Remarkable Ancient Inventions were-The abacus, Silk, Porcelain, Seismograph, Modern science and technology achievements, Oil production, Atomic energy, Nuclear bombs, Synthetic crystalline bovine insulin, Nuclear power stations in China, First man-made satellite, Breakthrough in Goldbach's Conjecture, hydrogen bombs, Research on RNA semi-molecule, Five-stroke code computer input method, Great Wall scientific inspection station at the South Pole, Research, development and application of super-conductivity, Positive and negative electron collider, metre optical celestial telescope, Yuan Longping and hybrid rice, Shenzhou V, Shenzhou VI and Shenzhou 10.

Conclusions
Culture is the soul of a country. Chinese culture has a past of 5000 years. Chinese people have faith in myths and legends and they worship many GODs. There are numerous traditional Chinese festivals and people rejoice them in diverse ways. In the ancient, Chinese people have conservative minds but in the past 50 years, foreign thoughts and philosophies have confronted traditional Chinese culture. Hence there are more or less cultural changes like now Chinese people do not trust in superstitious belief as science and technology is well advanced, more or less traditional Chinese festivals are ignored and now a days, young people are not addicted to the tradition of celebrations, they have a more open mind now. In the era of information, no country and individual can resist the effect of globalization. So the culture, which is a mirror that mirrors the history and progress of a nation, is also definite to be profoundly affected by the trend of globalization. The future trend of Chinese culture is in the direction of the international direction. So with the opening-up and reform policy, China has developed very sharply over the past three decades. Asa result the economy progresses healthily and moderately fast. The means of support of the people is improving day by day. The ultimate component of this, is the emerge of Chinese culture.