Investigate the Ability of the Eggshell to Attenuate the Gamma and Beta Rays as Compared with Composite FeSO4.7H2O

A hidden danger, no color and no taste for nuclear radiation that can have effects in human health While increasing the use of ionizing radiation The risk of health increases If is not used or contained correctly. And in order to avoid the risks of this radiation to the health of workers And clients With these radiations to look for a continuous and extensive search In all materials that can protect them from this radiation. These materials must be inherently harmless, with a low material cost. In this study, four samples were done with different mixing ratios for studying the attenuation coefficient of gamma rays and beta particles barriers made of polymer, epoxy, FeSO4.7H2O compounds in addition to Eggshells and in certain proportions and the use of these samples measure the attenuation coefficient of gamma rays and beta particles using radioactive sources. (Caesium-137 and Strontium-90). At the end of this research the ability of Eggshells to attenuate beta particles and excelled On FeSO4.7H2O compounds. The gamma attenuation coefficient is very close to FeSO4.7H2O compounds. These readings were taken at the Directorate of Treatment and Management of Iraqi Radioactive Waste based.


Introduction
Human-induced radiation such as x-rays, nuclear power plants may also occur in ionization smoke detectors. Radiation has an important role in purely scientific and applied scientific research. Even nuclear branches are specialized in many important fields such as physics, chemistry, [1] biology, and Earth sciences. The method of neutron-wide analysis has been widely used in periodic and modern experiments due to ease and finite detection On the effects of different elements in different liquid samples and solid and in determining their proportions. The focus in these years on the exploitation of radiation and its uses in various types of fields in medicine, especially hospitals, industry in the field currently used in generating electricity. [2] In order to avoid the dangers of these radiation on the health of workers, especially on the ionization of living cells of the human body, the subject of radiation protection is a major issue in how to create shields of hazardous radiation to which the worker is exposed. [3] this search will be limited to shielding from hazardous radiation that harms man and his environment if misused and if adequate prevention is not carried out using non-toxic, lightweight and materially inexpensive materials. In this experience has been used. Polymers Is a compound of high molecular weight due to its unique properties. Polymers are present in most soil, plant and organism components. [4] polymer compounds with organic material are important in nutrition, mechanical engineering, biology, medicine, computers, space exploration, health and the environment. Polymers consist of structures consisting of repeated identical structural units. These units in turn are made up of smaller molecules called monomers or monomers. The meridians interact with each other to form the polymer. Physical properties of polymers. Physical properties of polymers include polymerization and mass distribution. [5] Epoxy is a chemical that is a kind of thermoplastic polymers that are hardened when exposed to energy to move to a condition that is harder than its first state. by chemical reaction,. Epoxy material is highly adhesive and resistant to friction after dryness, forming as an insulating layer, The most common types of epoxy are the resin material resulting from the interaction between epichlorohydrin and bisphenol. [6] Melanterite is a chemical composition and its symbol (FeSO 4 .7H 2 O) Melantrate is a wet iron sulfate formed after the degradation of barite or other iron minerals. [7] The decomposition factors are surface water, and is often present in the post-drilling and mining mines on the mine wall. Other iron (Sulphates) such as (Halutrichate) and (Yosemite) are predominant. [8] iron(II) sulphate) or ferrous sulfate Make it a mixture of salts with formula FeSO 4 ·xH 2 O. And that such a composite exists more (heptahydrate) (x=7) And it is known for several values of (x) is used in water form in medicine to treat iron deficiency, and also in industrial uses See Figure 1. since ancient times as copper and green soda, The most common form is (heptahydrate) blue and green. All the iron (II) sulfate dissolved in water to give the same aquo complex [Fe(H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ , Which has a molecular geometry of eight surfaces (paramagnetic). The name (s) in earlier times were known as copper sulphate (II) and blue copper, Perhaps in symmetry iron and zinc sulphate were respectively green and white.    [14] blue-green, relatively common). Four hydrates are installed at the temperature of the water solution. 56.6°C (133.9 °F). At 64.8°C (148.6 °F). All mentioned mineral forms are connected with oxidation zones of iron-bearing ore beds (pyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, etc.) and related environments (like coal fire sites). Many undergo rapid dehydration and sometimes oxidation. See Figure 2. Eggshells It is an amazingly useful material that the egg shells are 95-97% composed of crystalline carbonate crystals, [15] which is the permanence of protein matrix, and the absence of protein, crystalline structure will be very loose and will not be able to maintain its appearance and Belief that the organic matrix is mainly in sedimentation Calcium During the process of formation, chicken eggshells they produce a biological substance (hydroxyapatite) by a conventional chemical method is the deposition method (hydroxinate) is a key element of solid tissues of the human, such as (bone) and (teeth) as a biological active substance, In hydroxipa formation Tate is the switch from the main element calcium carbonate to the stage of calcium oxide in the degree Celsius (1000). [16] After that, calcium oxide is moistened to produce calcium hydroxide, followed by hydroxyapatite, phosphoric acid. Reuse of chicken eggshells reduces the amount of boost, as well as the need for biological waste management. The US food industry produces 150,000 tons of shell residues per year. [17] "Methods of disposal of egg husks are 26.6% as fertilizer, 21.1% as animal feed, 26.3% are excluded from landfills, and 15.8% are used in other ways". [18] " Many landfills are unwilling to take the waste because the shells and the attached membrane attract vermin". [19] This investigation shows that egg husks can be a useful raw. [20] material for the synthesis of valuable biomaterials. In this experiment the egg white shell was collected for chicken and dried and then gently grinded for use in the experiment.

Materials and Methods
In this study, the four samples using the polymer and epoxy compound as a major compound with a specific percentage of     Detector Inspector EXP With the development of technology and the emergence of new devices, sophisticated and compact. Detector Inspector EXP the use of small devices to detect alpha radiation, beta particles and gamma rays. Available in Detector Inspector EXP. the most performance, lightweight and easy to use Detector Inspector EXP was designed specifically for workers working in difficult places. It is easy to carry by hand and has a distinct sensitivity to measure and sense levels of alpha, beta particles, gamma rays, and X-rays. (Show). Detector RAP-RS2 probe -exterior Halogenextinguish, without compensation Cloud is unusual with the mica port 1.4-2.0 mg / cm2 Effective port diameter is 45 mm (1.75 N.). (The Ranger Exp) was used in the measurement As shown in Figure 6.

Energy Sensitivity
Alpha particles are detected as less to 2 MeV, The Beta particles are detected as less to 16 MeV, The typical efficiency of detection in 1 MeV is approximately 25%, Gamma rays are detected as less to 10 KeV, Through Detection port 3340 CPM/mR/hr ( 137 Cs) at the smallest Detection levels 125 I is 02 µCi in connection. [21].

Sources of radiation
Radiation sources were used in Table 2 below to calculate shielding ratios in this research.

Results and Discussion
The results were prepared by the Exposor Exp and were prepared in the laboratories of the Department of radioactive waste management and treatment in Baghdad. Where radioactive sources were radioactive cesium and radioactive cobalt in contact with the samples, and the reagent would take (10) readings within a specified time. See Table 3 and Figure 7 for gamma readings, and see Table 4 and Figure 8 readings Beta readings.

Discussion
The first and second samples, with 100% weight of polymer and epoxy with FeSO 4 .7H 2 O and egg shell, the attenuation ratio increased. In the third sample, the attenuation coefficient increased by a very large percentage. The fourth sample is only FeSO 4 .7H 2 O with epoxy and polymerase the best samples. Better than the remaining samples in the shielding of gamma rays As in the Figure 9 below. In the first and second samples, the linear attenuation coefficient will increase as the amount of egg shell and Melanterite increases by 100%. The increase of these materials by specific percentages has a significant effect on beta ray shielding. For the third sample, the egg shell with epoxy and polymer only And the percentage of weight 100% increased the attenuation coefficient by a large percentage and we observed in this sample a significant impact on the attenuation coefficient and this is a good observation that this material is natural and also available in nature and easy to endoscopy, the latter sample was only with epoxy and polymer and FeSO 4 .7H 2 O noted that the attenuation coefficient increased by Ratio is greater than the third sample As in the Figure 10 below.

Conclusion
The weights of natural additives and chemical compounds with polymeric backing material observed that FeSO 4 .7H 2 O is very good as a shield of beta and gamma as well. And also the material of egg shells this natural and available material, which protects a small creature from the beginning of its composition to be a full chick, fully protected from various radiation and hazardous pollutants that can be exposed to it. this experience proved that the egg shell is more effective and better than the FeSO 4 .7H 2 O, New discovery enhances the eye of humanity on the exploitation available and benefit from what is available in nature and organic materials and vitality. The constantly and extensively research organic and bioactive substances to create protective shields from ionizing radiation.