Evaluation of Causes and Effects of Fire and Other Safety Incidents in Readymade Garment Industry of Bangladesh

: The readymade garment industry in Bangladesh is one of the foremost significant export-oriented industries, but it faces issues in ensuring worker safety. Industrial accidents threaten workplace safety, which is additionally amongst the foremost critical challenges in the world's industries. The objectives of this paper are to explore the numerous lethal incidents in the industry in Bangladesh and also explore the causes for these lethal incidents with the effect of those incidents. This paper aims to present a case study of the working conditions of readymade garment industries in Bangladesh and the case study presented past and running unsafe working conditions in the industry of violations of human rights and the high prevalence of injuries on duty by the workers. Differing kinds of causation in the recent decade have made the Bangladeshi garment industry ambiguous. Among 4,560 garment industries, 237 lethal incidents happened and that ratio was 5.2% during the last 31 years (1990-2020). Almost 237 lethal incidents, 94.09% incidents occurred by fire and only 1.27% incidents were caused by building collapse and 3.38% incidents were caused by boiler burst and another 1.27% by other different incidents. The total number of harmed people was 6,870 of which 1,689 people were injured and 5,181 people died, also the highest incident happened from 2011 to 2015 when 3,800 people were injured and 1,287 people died. This paper will investigate around for the causes of the various incidents and can expose the precautionary measure for those problems in the fashion industry which affected their sustainability and profitability.


Introduction
The readymade garment sector has been playing a very important role in the entire economic development of Bangladesh. In the workplace, differing types of commercial disasters have resulted in several initiatives worldwide to save human life and reduce material damage, both nationally and internationally [1]. The Rana Plaza collapse was the worst industrial accident in the history of the garment industry in Bangladesh. In the wake of the tragedy, two significant transnational governance initiatives emerged "the Accord afire and Building Safety in Bangladesh" (Accord) and "the Alliance for Bangladesh Workers Safety" (Alliance) [2]. After the tragedy occurred, the policy response included a change in Bangladeshi labor law, international buyercoordinated building inspections, tariff penalties, and attempts at improved social dialogue coordinated by international buyers, unions, the Bangladeshi government, and therefore the ILO [3].
Bangladesh is a South Asian country bordering India and Burma, and within the south of the country, there is the Bay of Bengal. The country contains territory of 143,998 sq km, a total inhabitant of 16, 36, 54, 860 (July 2013). The amount of total GDP is US$302.8 billion and therefore the GDP growth rate is 6.1% (2012). The GDP contributions by sectors are agriculture 17.7%, Industry 28.5% and private or govt. Service 53.9%. The main exporting partners of Bangladesh are USA, Germany, UK and France (World factbook 2014) [4]. The Ready-Made Garments sector is the largest exporting industry Bangladesh Fire Service and Civil Defense, there were a total of 19,672 fire incidents across the nation in 2018, with 6,208 of them occurring in Dhaka. The cost of the damage and loss is enormous. In the year 2018, fires killed a minimum of 130 people and injured 664 others across the country [15]. High population density, unplanned urbanization and industrialization, and non-compliance with the codification of buildings are all high-risk factors [16].
In Bangladesh, the total number of fires is steadily growing. There have been 9,310 fire incidents across the country in 2008, compared to 19,642 fire incidents in 2018. As a result, fire occurrences climbed by 111% in ten years [17]. Between 2004 and 2018, at least 1,970 persons were killed in over 200,000 fires across the country. However, 2011 saw the maximum number of casualties (365 dead and 1,385 wounded). 2015 was the bloodiest year in terms of financial losses, with the country losing an estimated 8500 million BDT (more than USD 100 million) on account of 17,488 fires [18]. The studies were focused on finding scientific reasons for the fire, building collapse, boiler burst and other safety incidents. The major findings of the studies show that the incidents because of its high level of population, the dense concentration of population, narrow roads, the existence of flammable building materials, old electric and water supply systems, unplanned construction of buildings, and chemical and hazardous material in Readymade Garments etc. Also, the studies found precautionary measures for those problems to manage fire hazards, building collapse incidents, boiler burst incidents and other safety incidents [19].

Objectives
Some objects are shoving the apparel industry negatively forward to unsafe working places but why these causes are making the ready-made garment sector so risky is a burning question. This research will help to explore the effect and causes of why the Bangladeshi apparel industry is forwarding negatively. The specified objectives of this paper are listed below; i. To identify the lethal incidents in the history of the RMG industries in Bangladesh. ii. To evaluate the causes and effects of identified lethal incidents. iii. To specify the preventive actions for the stated causes of the identified lethal incidents.

Identification of the Lethal Incidents in the History of the RMG Industries in Bangladesh
Among 4,560 garments factories (BGMEA, 2020), 237 garments factories were treated as the sample. The samples are selected by the incidents that occurred in the history of Bangladeshi RMG industries during the last 31 years from 1990 to 2020.

Evaluation of the Causes and Effects of Identified Lethal Incidents
The data has been collected from secondary sources and followed different tools and equations to calculate the causes and effects of different types of incidents. There are some equations (BCI, FI, BBI, DBC, DF, DBB) for the calculation procedure. These equations are briefly stated below;

Death by Building Collapse DBC
In Bangladesh, around 30 million people are directly or indirectly involved in the RMG business. This industry contributes to the creation of jobs, the reduction of poverty, and also the empowerment of rural women [20]. At the beginning of the RMG business, industrial buildings were occasionally discovered in an unanticipated way, leading to the conversion of ordinary structures to factory functions. As a result, multiple catastrophic collapses occurred, including the Rana Plaza and Tazrin tragedies, which claimed many lives and wounded thousands more. As a result, the matter of safety has become a top focus [21].

Fire Risk Assessment Method
In our research, according to BNBC-93, we have divided the 'hard' characteristics into three categories: preventive requirements, means of escape, and in-built firefighting capabilities, each of which comprises multiple distinct parameters. BNBC-93 parameters form up all of those 'hard' parameters. The 'soft' parameters are treated as a one-unit [22]. The Fire Risk Index (FRI) for the 'hard' and 'soft' parameters was generated using the subsequent linear additive model: Where wi is the weighted amount to examine how the relevance of certain characteristics varies concerning each other, the mark (a dimensionless score) for the parameter i is given by xi, and also the overall set of parameters is given by n.   [23].

Major Lethal Incidents in Readymade Garment Industry of Bangladesh
In this research, the goal is to point out the most serious occurrences that occurred in the Bangladeshi textile industry. Between 1990 and 2020, 1,689 individuals died and 5,181 persons or employees were badly hurt in Bangladesh's textile industry's 237 dangerous accidents. All of those events have an immediate and indirect impact on the ready-made clothing sector's profitability, productivity and growth. The downfall of the Rana Plaza was the biggest disaster occurrence in the history of the country. The fire at Tazreen Fashions Ltd. was another unfortunate disaster. Aside from these two, there have been a few deadly instances in Bangladesh's RMG sector's history. Those are all listed in the below short:

Case One: Chowdhury Knitwear and Garment
Factory At the Chowdhury Knitwear and Garment factory in Shibpur, near Dhaka, on the night of November 25, 2000, a minimum of 48 people lost their lives and more than 150 were injured, some were in serious condition. That fire incidents were Bangladesh's worst in history. The one escape gate was shut, according to survivors, neighbors, and firemen, preventing workers from fleeing death. When the fire broke out at 7:00 p.m., it is estimated that up to 800 individuals were working overtime. The factory was a fourstory structure and panicked employees on the second and third floors ran to the exits, but the first-floor gate on the only stairway was shut. The worker who could not escape were burned alive and it took four hours to put out the fire and rescue the surviving people.

Case Two: The Spectrum Sweater Ltd.
On April 11, 2005, the 9 storied factory building of Spectrum Garments in Palash bari of Savar crashed, killing around 70 people and injuring a minimum of 100 people. The location was also visited by political leaders, members of IEB, RAJUK, BGMEA, BUET, BACE and other concerned organizations within a short time after the incident and several times later [25].

Case Three: KTS Composite Fabrics Mill
On

Case Four: Garib & Garib Sweater Factory
On 25 th February 2010, almost 21 workers died when the factory caught fire for the second time within six months. The smoke could not get out of the ventilation systems.

Case Five: Tazreen Fashions Ltd.
On 24 November 2012, at approximately 7.00 p.m. a fireplace broke out in Tazreen Fashions Ltd. It was Bangladesh's largest fire incident where 112 persons were died and 200 workers were injured. The fire started on the bottom level of the nine-story building, apparently triggered by a short circuit, trapping the workers on the upper floors. The fireplace blazed for more than seventeen hours before firemen were able to put it out.

Case Six: Rana Plaza
On April 24 th , 2013, the eight-story commercial skyscraper on the outskirts of Dhaka, Bangladesh, known as the Rana Plaza Tower, fell [26,27]. A municipal engineer had been to inspect the structure the day before after receiving concerns about cracks. He judged the structure dangerous and advised that everyone leave [28]. Several garment companies with a total workforce of around 5,000 people were housed in the structure. Recovery attempts took many days due to the nature of the catastrophe site and the need to avoid further injuring survivors; the final survivor was recovered on May 10, 16 days after the building collapsed [29]. It is Bangladesh's worst fire disaster, with 1,134 persons died. Approximately 2,500 people were injured, and about 100 were reported missing among the 5,000 workers in the Rana Plaza factories on that day [30].

Case Seven: Aswad Composite Mills
On October 8, 2013, in an extreme fire at the Aswad Composite Mills clothing factory in the Gazipur district, ten persons died and 50 others were injured. The fire started at 6.00 p.m. in the factory's dyeing area, which is owned by Palma Group. The cause of the fire remained unknown at the time. At approximately 12:45 a.m. firefighters had the flames under control, according to fire authorities. The fire moved to a nearby chemical shop, engulfing two levels, before a boiler on the lowest floor blew, fueling the flames even more.

Case Eight: Tampaco Foils Ltd.
On Saturday morning, September 10, 2016, When the explosion occurred at 6:15 a.m., around 100 workers were on the morning shift. When a boiler explodes, at least 24 people are died and more than 50 are injured. The explosion sparked a massive fire and caused the three-story manufacturing building to partially collapse.

Case Nine: Multifabs Limited
On Tuesday, July 03, 2017, the numerous boiler explosions, which took so many lives across the country, were blamed by labor rights organizations on a lack of effective inspection by the concerned authorities in charge and plant owner's incompetence. According to the official, they claimed that the latest boiler explosion on Monday at Multi fabs Ltd., a garment manufacturing firm in Gazipur, died at least 13 workers and injured at least 50 others, who added that all of the injured were taken to nearby hospitals. Proved that the RMG sector's security measures were insufficient.

Case Ten: Ideal Textile Mill
On September 20, 2017, a fire at the Ideal mill in Munshiganj claimed the lives of six individuals. The deaths of five men and a woman were discovered inside the manufacturing building, and the factory's 50-year-old chef was among the fatalities. The fire started at 10:00 a.m. on Wednesday on the fourth floor of the six-story building in Muktarpur and was put out at 2:30 p.m. following three hours of work by three fire departments. Families who have lost relatives will be compensated with Tk 20,000 apiece.

Case Eleven: Unimax Textile Limited
On September 28, 2018, according to the senior station officer of Rescue Service and Civil Defense Jadavpur, the fire started due to a technical error while installing the boiler machine in the plant of Unimax Textile Limited. Around 12:15 p.m., the accident occurred. According to the official, three fire-fighting units arrived at the scene and contained the incident at about 1:15 p.m. According to him, no one was hurt in the fire, but the boiler machine and a few other pieces of equipment were destroyed. The extent of the fire's damage has yet to be established.

Case Twelve: Islam Garments Ltd.
On Friday, January 10, 2020, a fire broke out at an RMG plant in the Kona Bari region of Gazipur city, at a clothes factory owned by Islam Group. Eight hearth Service units worked constantly for four hours to put out the fire and get it under control. The fire injured four persons, including two female workers, which is common among factory workers. According to factory workers, representatives of the Fire Department, and locals, a fire broke out on the fifth level of Islam Garments Limited.

Identification of the Lethal Incidents in the History of the RMG Industry in Bangladesh (1990-2020)
Fire incidence is the most common occurrence in Bangladesh's RMG industry. The fire caused 94.09% of the occurrences in the previous 31 years, with just 1.27% of incidents caused by building collapse, 3.38% of incidents caused by boiler burst, and another 1.27% by other accidents " Figure 11". The chances of a deadly event are higher than the chances of a structure collapsing. In Bangladesh, an electrical short caused the majority of the fire mishaps in the RMG industry. Furthermore, the fire was caused by a variety of factors, including a boiler blast, an electrical short, manual activity, and so on. Building collapse, on the other side, occurs far less frequently than fires. Poorly constructed structures and unlawful construction are the most common causes of building collapse. Fires accounted for nearly 223 of the 237 events, with only three resulting from building collapses. Tazreen Fashion, Standard Group, Garib & Garib, Erotex, and other big fires occurred, and the two most influential building collapses were Rana Plaza and Spectrum garments limited. The other concern was that a worker set fire to Standard Group, a ten-story structure in Kona Bari, Gazipur, and subsequently the most essential clothes in Gazipur were ruined in an excessively short time. Unrest in the workplace was the cause of this occurrence.   Deadly incidents are a typical scenario in Bangladeshi garment factories. The industry has been suffering from building collapses, frequent fires, and other avoidable industrial incidents. In the last five years, almost 242 people have been injured and 59 people have died. The very worst incident happened from 2011 to 2015 where 3,800 people were injured and 1,287 people died " Figure 12".
Almost all of those industries are in major cities of the country, including Dhaka, Narayanganj, Chattogram, Gazipur, Cumilla and Narsingdi. " Figure 6'' showed the quantity of injured and dead persons in different places from 1990 to 2020. Among the 237 fire incidents from the entire number of dead is 1,689 and also the injured are 5,181 people. Where in Dhaka, the injured are 4,132 and also the death is 1,489 which is the highest " Figure 13". Then Gazipur, were injured are 528 and died are 90 people. After that Chittagong where the injured are 359 and died are 65 and in Narayanganj were injured are 138 and died are 35. Pabna has the lowest injured and no death " Figure  13".

Figure 14. Causes and effects of the lethal incidents from 1990 to 2020 (Death).
In the above " Figure 11", it will be seen that the likelihood of building collapse is just 3.38% and also the possibility of a fireplace incident is 94.09%. In our country, death by building collapses is more than death by fire incidents but the number of fire incidents is more than the number of building collapses. Here the proportion of death by building collapse is nearly 70.92% whereas the death by fire incidents is nearly 26.11% " Figure 14" and " Table 2". Without this comparison, the number of injured workers by building collapse is additionally quite the number of injured by fire. Almost 49.78% of injured workers were from building collapse whereas 47.19% from fire is nearly the identical other " Figure 15" and the percentage of injured workers from boiler burst is 2.12% and by others is 0.90%. Fire is the frequent accident within the readymade garment industries and there are lot of fire incidents where there was no death but building collapse is not common but more serious than fire. Of the 223 fire incidents from the overall number of deaths is barely 441 where only two building collapse incidents were the causes of virtually 1,198 workers death " Figure 16" and the number death by boiler burst are 49 and the number death by others is 1. " Figure 17" shows, amongst 31 years database on the basis of injured persons in different accidents that within the 223 fire incidents from the whole number of injured is merely 2,445 whereas only two building collapse incidents were the causes of just about 2,579 workers injured and the number injured by boiler burst are 110 and by others are 47. Also, fire is the commonest incident were plenty of injuries and death occurs whether a building collapse is more serious than fire.

Preventive Measures for Building Collapse, Fire Incidents, Boiler Burst and Other Incidents
The studies found that lack of preparedness and coping capacity to manage fire hazards, limited or no knowledge about fire-fighting techniques and lack of resources are some of the reasons which increase the level of vulnerability of the people [19]. It is crucial to require the required actions to ensure the protection of the RMG sector in Bangladesh. All the responsible parties like the govt., owners, stakeholders even Employees also should take these measures in numerous ways. Have to ensure the Factory Act. Have to assure the building approval plan from RAJUK.
Have to confirm the Electricity Safety Act. Have to take the measurements of the wind speed before constructing the building.
Have to ensure the Fire Safety Act. and National Have to follow the Fire Code by NFPA. Collect occupancy certificates before starting the structure.
Have to ensure proper training for management and employees. Have to focus on building safety by audit and ISO 45001.
Have to confirm special audits in electric sections.

Boiler Burst Others Incidents
To prevent boiler explosions is must keep regular and proper maintenance.
To prevent gas heater explosions, install gas detectors within the workplace, where people are going to be able to hear the alarm. Check whether the gas pressure level and also the main electrical power supply lines are working properly or not daily and also the flame of fireside should be monitored regularly whether it's appropriate or not.
Maintain and monitor gas detection equipment on an everyday basis. Ensure the batteries are working. It's also wise to have your gas detectors periodically checked by professionals. Make sure to test the acceptable amount of steam in the boiler and therefore the water level controller should be cleaned every 30 days.
To reduce the prospect of fire, keep all combustible materials far away from water heaters, furnaces or other gas appliances.
Every six months Boiler Fire Tube, Fire Chamber and Compressor must be cleaned and checked all safety valves of the boiler once a month.
To remove undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water use an advanced and complicated water purification system for workers' good health.

Developments and Activities by Concerned Authorities
The government and the BGMEA have taken many steps to address security concerns in the RMG sector. On June 11, 2005, a high-level Social Compliance Forum was established, chaired by the commerce minister and co-chaired by the labor ministry. The government has established two Task Forces and one Compliance Monitoring Cell to meet several assertions on social compliance, including occupational safety and security, labor welfare, and the prosperity of working circumstances inside Bangladesh's export-oriented RMG business. RMG has two Task Forces, one on Labor Welfare and the other on Occupational Indemnity. The Compliance Monitoring Cell was established under the Export Promotion Bureau's office to monitor operations related to social compliance, such as safety and security, labor welfare, and the improvement of working conditions in Bangladesh's RMG industry. As the leader of the Compliance Monitoring Cell, the Director-General (Textiles) of the Export Promotion Bureau is acting. The Bangladesh government's competent agencies must build similarly strong organizations with equally robust processes. Under the ILO's RMGP initiative [31], activities are undertaken to build this capability, although there are significant obstacles to overcome [12]. Recent government initiatives, such as these Forums, Task Forces, and cells, allow for comprehensive security regulation in RMG. However, to ensure that the RMG factories in Bangladesh are secure, a well-designed institutional framework is required. The BGMEA has played a critical role in enforcing security concerns in the workplaces of its members. The initial goal of the BGMEA's security section is to improve safety measures in BGMEA Member Units and raise awareness among garment factory employees about fires and other incidents. All efforts involving Fire Safety in RMG Units are being monitored by a BGMEA committee on Safety Measures [32].
The BGMEA has implemented initiatives in two ways: Operational: a) The Security Section Monitors are conducting fire evacuation drills in RMG Units to raise awareness among factory employees and to provide recommendations to the factory authorities to improve safety measures in the plant. b) Safety Monitors visit garment manufacturers and fill out a Checklist of Fireplace Safety. Following the observation of the manufacturers' flaws, the BGMEA sends a letter to the affected factories, requesting that they take the appropriate measures. Training: a) The BGMEA's security cell conducts fire prevention, extinguishment, rescue, and tending training for garment factory employees and personnel. b) The factory's workers are also given fire prevention and safety training by the BGMEA's Fire Service and Civil Defense Department. From July 1, 2006, BGMEA began a follow-up (2nd stage) program. This involves BGMEA surveillance teams inspecting clothing factories and conducting fire drills.
The majority of textile companies lack appropriate fire protection. In addition to other code infractions, the majority of garment factories lack fire escapes and fire alarms, according to a 1997 survey. According to the Bangladesh Fire Brigade, 58 fire incidents occurred in the garment sector between November 1997 and November 1998, killing 118 employees, 90% of whom were women [33].
This concern is highlighted in five (i, ii, vi, xi, and xii) [34] "recommendations" from the perspective of female workers: a) For industrial buildings, sufficient broad fire exit doors and enough ventilation with regular maintenance for air circulation should be constructed. Fire drills should be done regularly, at least twice a year. b) More restrooms for female employees. c) Clean drinking and washing water for female employees. d) Full-time medical assistance and care for female employees, provided by female physicians and highly trained nurses. e) Safety management training for all types of employees. f) Maternity leave and weekly vacation with purchase for female employees. g) Wages should be equal and rationale for both male and female workers to maintain a decent level of living. h) Because of the security of their jobs, management should give appointment letters to all sorts of employees. i) Management should allow for a low-level reorganization of the union. j) In relevant parts of the industry, proper exit and safety signs should be used. k) All garment industry buildings should have an accurate announcement system on how to exit the premises. l) To ensure a healthy industry, management must supply minimum legal criteria.

Results and Discussions
Without any doubt, Bangladeshi textile industries are known as one of the unsafe working environments in the apparel-producing country. Nowadays, Bangladesh is trying to follow developing country's fire and other safety precaution standards. As a result, the accident and incident rate of last five years has been decreasing a lot. Fire incidents, building collapses and other industrial incidents have been plaguing the readymade garments sector. Almost 242 individuals have been injured and 59 people have died in the previous five years. The worst event occurred between 2011 and 2015 when 3,800 individuals were injured and 1,287 died. The fire was responsible for 94.09% of the 237 events during the previous 31 years, with just 1.27% of incidents caused by building collapse, 3.38% by boiler burst, and 1.27% other accidents. The building collapse incidents are lower than the fire incidents rate. The fire incident is the most common occurrence in Bangladesh's RMG industry. In Bangladesh, the majority of the fire accidents in the RMG industry were caused by electrical contact. Furthermore, the fire was caused by a variety of factors, including a boiler blast, an electrical short-circuit, and manual activity, among others. On the other side, building collapse occurs far less frequently than fires. Unplanned constructed structures and unlawful construction are the most common causes of building collapse. Fires accounted for nearly 223 of the 237 events, with only three resulting from building collapses. Tazreen Fashion, Standard Group, Garib & Garib, Erotex, and others had the greatest fires, therefore Rana Plaza and Spectrum garments limited were the two most impactful buildings collapses.
Almost those industries are in major cities of the country, including Dhaka, Narayanganj, Chattogram, Gazipur, Cumilla and Narsingdi. The amount of injured and dead persons in different places from 1990 to 2020. Of the 237 fire incidents, the overall number of deaths is 1,689 and also the injuries are 5,181 people in Dhaka, the injuries are 4,132 and also the death is 1,489 which is the highest. Then Gazipur, where injuries are 528 and death is 90 people. In Chittagong, injuries are 359 and deaths are 65 and in Narayanganj where injuries are 138 and deaths are 35 people. Pabna has the lowest injuries and no death. The chance of a structure collapsing is just 3.38%, therefore that the possibility of a fireside event is roughly 94.09%. The risk of a building collapsing is greater than the risk of a fire, but in terms of death and injury, the number of fatalities is compared to the number of deaths caused by fire. Here, the fatality rate due to building collapse is around 70.92%, whereas the death rate due to fire events is around 26.11%. Without this comparison, the number of employees injured by building collapse exceeds the number of workers injured by fire. Practically 49.78% of wounded employees were caused by building collapse, while 47.19% were caused by fire, which is nearly identical to one another.
Fire is a common incident within the garment industry and there are many fire incidents and accidents where there was no death, but building collapse is not common but more serious than fire. Only two building collapse accidents resulted in the lives of about 1,198 workers, out of the 223 fire incidents that resulted in a total of 441 deaths. In the 223 fire accidents, almost 2,445 people were injured and two building collapse occurrences resulted in the injured of roughly 2,579 employees.
It has been found in this paper that there are many risk factors in RMG industries that should be controlled permanently. Building collapse kills more people than any other cause of death, and fire is the most prevalent cause of death in Bangladesh's textile sector [32]. In this case, the owner, management, concerned authorities and employees are responsible for controlling building collapse risks by 71.43%, 0%, 35.71%, 0% respectively, and in case of a fire incident, the owner, management, concerned authorities and employees are responsible for controlling fire incident by 0%, 92.85%, 0% and 7.14% respectively [35]. As a result, the owner, management, concerned authorities and employees should be aware of the possibility of reducing the risk by following the above-mentioned risk-controlling activities.

Conclusions
A safe and secure working environment has to ensure for the workers and is a basic fundamental right. At the same time, proper implementation of general and international standards should be made mandatory; otherwise, death traps for workers will still continue. Among 4,560 garment industries, 237 lethal incidents happened which was 5.2% during the last 31 years (1990-2020). Almost 237 lethal incidents, 94.09% incidents occurred by fire incidents and just 1.27% incidents were caused by building collapse and 3.38% incidents were caused by boiler bursts and another 1.27% by other different incidents. The number of totals harmed people was 6,870 of which 1,689 people were injured and 5,181 were dead, also the very worst incident happened from 2011 to 2015 when 3,800 people were injured and 1,287 people are dead. Almost 49.78% were injured by the building collapse, 47.19% were injured by the fireplace, 2.12% were injured by the boiler bust, 0.90% were injured by other incidents and 70.92% died by the building collapse, 26.11% died by the fireplace, 2.90% died by the boiler bust, 0.06% died others incidents (actual rate). Almost 37.54% were injured by the building collapse, 35.59% were injured by the hearth, 1.60% were injured by the boiler bust, 0.68% were injured by other incidents and 17.43% died by the building collapse, 6.42% died by the hearth, 0.71% died by the boiler bust, 0% died others incidents (total rate). The government's and the BGMEA's recent actions showed much more improvement progress in implementing industry safety standards. The owners of garments should be more concerned about industrial safety-related laws and regulations, which may help them to save even more money due to the high costs of accidents. Inspection, reporting, and compliance to existing national and international rules and regulations must all be appropriately enforced to prevent additional tragedies caused by a lack of workplace safety. As a result, a solution for the permanent improvement of working conditions for Bangladeshi garment workers is to incorporate the occurrence of a more complete corporate social responsibility concept related to global outsourcing issues. To avoid future tragedies, all stakeholders, including the Bangladeshi government, brands and retailers, the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association, Bangladesh Knitwear Manufacturers and Exporters Association and factory owners must shoulder the appropriate obligations. So, they must plan to handle all of the operations that must be controlled inside the clothing sectors. Although the fire risk index reveals that the fire safety level is below the industry requirement, there are several chances and opportunities to improve fire safety in Bangladesh's RMG industry. The government should strictly maintain infrastructure standards for all industrial structures. Undoubtedly, the Bangladeshi RMG sector is one of the risky workplaces in the apparel-producing country. Building collapse is deadlier than the other lethal incident, but fire incident is the presumably incident within the Bangladeshi garment industry. So, the garment owners, management, employees and concerned authorities should be aware to reduce the deadly incidents by following the riskcontrolling techniques.