The Importance and Necessity of Ensuring Food Safety

: This article focuses on the need to ensure food safety. The results of large-scale reforms to ensure food security are reflected. On this topic, the results of scientific research conducted by leading economists of the countries of the world


Introduction
Humanity is known to have had a security problem.The term "security" first appeared in literature from the 12th century.In fact, the concept of "security" became popular in 1190, according to Robert's reference.This concept represents a calm state of the human soul, considering itself protected from all kinds of dangers [1,2].In this sense, this term was used in the lexicon of Western European peoples until the 17th century.In connection with the formation of state structures in later periods of history, the concept of security means a state of rest [3,4] resulting from the absence of real danger (physical and spiritual), which corresponds to the trends of state building and management of bodies in the material, social and economic spheres [5].
Security is understood in the sense of a situation where there is no danger.In the explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language, it means "danger -fear, fear, panic, the possibility of a dangerous event or catastrophe, risk, anxiety, danger, anxiety, anxiety", "security" -the absence of danger, a non-dangerous situation, security is provided [6].
According to J. Sh.Tukhtabaev, "security is multifaceted, it is a state of protection from unpleasant, negative, harmful influences and dangers for the normal life and development of all mankind, the state and the economic system.Safety usually means the absence of potential conditions for causing harm, the prevention of danger, protection and reliability" [2].

Result
In our opinion, despite the fact that the concept of "security" is interpreted in different ways, in general, it represents the meaning of protection and preservation, freedom and guarantees of an individual, a group of people, the state and society from danger that arise in various spheres of human life.
The term "economic security" was first introduced by US President Franklin Roosevelt in connection with the establishment and implementation of an economic policy called the Wangi Course, aimed at overcoming the global crisis of 1929-1933.After that, in the 1930s, economic and security issues in the United States of America became the subject of serious scientific research in connection with the need to develop responses to the world economic crisis and its global threats.By the 1970s, in the developed world, "economics and security" began to be seen as an important part of national security.In the 1980s and 1990s, issues of economic and social security began to be widely discussed."Southern Europe-Eastern Europe" was held in Lisbon in 1990.At the international conference "The European balance and its challenges", the director of the Institute for the Study of Security Problems in the Western European Union, Professor J. Ropper, proposed to supplement the concept of "military security aspect" with a socio-economic aspect.And the organization of the relevant institutional security structures achieved [1].
In our opinion, economic security is economic independence, stability and self-development, guaranteeing reliable protection of the important interests of the national economy, the individual, business entities, society and the state from external and internal threats and is a condition that provides the possibility of development.
Among these elements of the economy and security, i e. forms, food security occupies a special place.Food satisfaction is the main goal [7].Of course, the purpose of life for a person is not only to eat food and satisfy the need for it.Many other socio-economic, social, cultural, spiritual and other needs also exist [8].But in order to achieve other high goals and satisfy many needs, a person must first of all satisfy his need for food.Therefore, ensuring food safety is important in the economy and human activities.
Providing the population with enough food and preventing hunger has always been an urgent problem in any country.For this reason, measures were taken to develop agriculture and create food reserves in order to prevent famine and ensure food security in various countries.For example, in ancient Egypt, Babylon, China and other countries, in order to prevent agriculture from falling into a crisis, farmers in fertile villages handed over a certain part of their crops to village elders or tax collectors as a tax.Part of the harvest is directed to the needs of the state, and the rest is sent to the reserve of special seeds, grains, rice and other nutritious crops in the amount of several houses [9].
The English bishop, economist Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) was the first in economics and science to pay attention to the problem of providing the population with food and the causes of famine.In his theory, he concluded that the population is growing on the basis of a geometric progression, and food and delicacies are growing on the basis of an arithmetic progression [10].
According to the teachings of the physiocrats, the country's economy is focused only on agriculture.When they put forward this idea, they had in mind that this sector would play a priority role in the production of food needed by the population.The founder of physiocracy, François Quesnet (1694-1774), summarized his economic program in general terms in his work General Principles of the Economy and Policies of the Peasant State and Commentaries on Them (1758).In this work, he substantiated his basic idea that the earth is the only source of life.F. Kene published his work "Economic Table" in 1758 and founded the theory of reproduction.In 1766, he published the work "Analysis of the arithmetic formulas of an economic table showing the distribution of the annual expenses of the agricultural people" and improved the theory of reproduction.In this table, the population is divided into three classes: landowners (a class that does not produce anything); industrial owners; the producer belongs to the class of farmers.Also, the national economy is made up of agriculture and industry using the products of this sector.Agricultural products are processed in industry, distributed and consumed by the classes of society [11].
Differences in the interpretation and definition of food safety, their composition and components have expanded due to the aggravation of the problem of providing the population with food on a global scale at the beginning of the last century and during the Second World War.To solve this problem, efforts were made to create an international organization within the United Nations dealing with food and agriculture.In the period from May 18 to June 3, 1943 in Hot Springs, USA, a conference was organized on the creation of an international organization on food and agricultural issues with the participation of representatives of 46 countries of the world.The conference gave recommendations to countries on the development of national agriculture and the reduction of customs duties on agricultural food products.It was also suggested that the name of the organization be the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
It should be noted that the Food Safety Authority is the main international body that determines food safety strategy.This committee was established in 1974 as an intergovernmental body to review and take action related to food safety.The Committee organizes international summits and forums dedicated to food safety issues.They define the tasks and activities planned for the near future to ensure food safety.Food safety assessment and measures are carried out by FAO in accordance with the guidelines established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.UNICEF, the World Health Organization and other international organizations and associations are involved in these works 1 .
The term food security came into international circulation after the grain crisis that occurred in 1972-1973.During this period, in the case of excess food production in developed countries, there was a famine among the population in the third world countries.This problem began to be discussed in the world community.In the context of these discussions, the UN General Assembly, held in December 1974, approved FAO's "International Commitments for Food Security in the World".However, the term "food safety" is not defined in this document [12].
In the 1994 UN Development Program, the basis of food security was defined as access to food, that is, the availability of food and their free access to it, as well as having sufficient solvency for this.The Rome Declaration on World Food Security was adopted at a high-level international meeting in Rome in November 1996.This declaration reaffirms that "everyone has the right to have access to food that is safe and nutritious for their health, in accordance with the right to food and adequate food" [13].
According to the definition given by V. G. Bulavko, P. G. Nikitenko and others, food security is the ability of the state to produce the necessary and sufficient amount of products of the required quality and range and to ensure the balance of supply and demand for domestic products in the consumer market, and under they should understand the ability of agricultural enterprises, suppliers, quality work and marketing [14].
In our opinion, the effective and rational use of state agricultural, industrial, fiscal, monetary, regional, social, environmental, and transport policy instruments also creates sufficient institutional, socio-economic conditions and opportunities for ensuring food security, which is important in creativity.
The concept of food security also requires the country to achieve independence and self-sufficiency in terms of basic food.Food independence means the possibility of providing the country's population with basic food products at the expense of domestic resources and production in an amount no less dangerous.Also, as recognized by a group of scientists led by V. A. Bogomolov, this concept also means that the country is able to provide itself with food without exceeding the dangerous criterion for the volume of food imports [15].
According to J. Sh.Tukhtabaev, "Food security is the ability of the country's population to independently provide themselves with basic food.It also means getting rid of overreliance on food imports.The policy of the state to ensure food security focuses on the development of its own agricultural production and domestic markets, partly on the basis of the importation of food products from abroad to meet the population's need for food at an acceptable level" [2].

Discussion
Based on these opinions, in our opinion, the concept of food security is based on achieving food independence based on the self-sufficiency of the country in food products by harmonizing domestic sources of sustainable economic development and acceptable levels of imports necessary for citizens to have a reliable and stable physical (quantitative), economic and social access to high-quality and safe food products necessary to ensure an active and healthy lifestyle, in volumes not less than the expressed rational consumption norms established in the country.
In substantiating this definition, we have based physical (quantitative) and economic access to food, food independence, security and stability as important elements of the concept of food security, as defined in the Rome Declaration on Universal Food Security, and we consider it necessary to add to it social aspects (Figure 1).Economic provision of foodstuffs for all social strata of the population in sufficient quantity and quality means that every citizen of the country, regardless of his income, property and social status, has the necessary income to have a minimum set of food products.This means that it must be done.These opportunities and conditions are created by ensuring a sufficient level of income for the population and controlling a reasonable level of food prices.Also, the population will have to try to provide themselves with food in their farmsteads and farmsteads.
Social access to food means supporting the population in need of social protection, providing safe food in sufficient quantity and quality on the basis of financial support.
A safe food product meets established requirements and standards to ensure safe consumption.A safe food product contains substances necessary for the normal development of the human body and does not contain substances that are harmful to its health and the environment [16].
Noteworthy are the opinions of A. V. Malkhasuan on food safety.On the example of the Russian Federation, he established the following forms of food security: a high level of food security, guaranteed food security, additional food security, food dependence [17].But it provides for the supply of food products by countries that are members of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space (Euro-Osiuo) to justify additional food security.He explained that food dependence refers to dependence on food imports from third countries, other than countries belonging to these unions.

Conclusion
In our opinion, food security can be ensured in the following ways: 1) a high level of food security -the production of agricultural and food products is above the minimum level of consumption of the population and is provided and exported only by the country's producers; 2) food security is ensured -agriculture and food production mainly satisfy the internal needs of the state, and consumption exceeds the minimum level of the needs of the population and is provided by the country's producers; 3) food security, provided in an additional wayagriculture and food production do not fully satisfy the internal needs of the state, for consumption above the minimum level of needs of the population, food is required from foreign countries, products are partially imported; 4) food dependence; 5) agriculture and food production do not satisfy the internal needs of the state, the minimum level of consumption is provided by food imports from foreign (third) countries.In conclusion, the goals and objectives of ensuring food safety in accordance with its different levels are formulated.But at the center of all of them is a person and his vital interests.